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2. Unit 4: Learning and Cognition Chapter 6: Learning

3. Warm up 03/11 • What does it mean to learn?

4. Classical Conditioning • Learning • Relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. • stimulus - produces reaction • response - reaction • conditioning - learning

5. Classical Conditioning • Ivan Pavlov • mouth watering in dogs • rang a bell when feeding dogs • dogs started to salivate when the bell was rung

11. Classical Conditioning • US, UR, CR, and CS • unconditioned stimulus - dog food • unconditioned response -salivating dog • conditioned response - salivating to bell • conditioned stimulus - bell causing salivating • neutral stimulus - bell without dog food

12. Classical Conditioning • Adaptation • taste aversion • learned aversion to a particular food • getting sick eating candy corn and not wanting to eat it again • extinction • Loss of receptivity to the CS If the US is not presented .

13. Classical Conditioning • Adaptation • spontaneous recovery • Extinction ceases and the organism begins to respond to the CS with the presentation of the US. • the appearance of a formerly extinguished response, following a rest period.

14. Classical Conditioning • Adaptation • Generalization • responding to similar stimulus the same way • Discrimination • not responding to similar stimulus in the same way

15. Classical Conditioning • Application • Flooding • exposed to stimulus for long time to get rid of fear • systematic desensitization • relaxation techniques while confronted with a frightening stimulus • counter-conditioning • pleasant stimulus with a fearful one

17. Classical Conditioning Comic • Create a four panel comic that depicts an act of classical conditioning • must be original • no Pavlovian dogs or examples I’ve given • must be colored • Panel 1 = neutral stimulus • Panel 2 = Unconditioned Stimulus and Response • Panel 3= Neutral and Unconditioned Stimulus paired • Panel 4 = Conditioned Stimulus and Response

19. Chapter 6 Vocab - Learning stimulus response conditioning classical & operant unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned response conditioned stimulus taste aversion schedule of reinforcements continuous reinforcement observational learning extinction spontaneous recovery generalization discrimination flooding systematic desensitization counterconditioning reinforcement primary & secondary reinforcers partial reinforcement shaping latent learning

20. Warm Up 11/22 • Is learning permanent? Why or why not?

21. Warm Up 03/12 • How are you rewarded when you do something right? • How are you punished when you do something wrong? • Consider school, home, work, etc.

22. Operant Conditioning • learning from the consequences of your actions • voluntary responses rather than biological reactions • B.F. Skinner • Project Pigeon • Pigeons guide missiles to targets • given treats for hitting the correct target

23. Operant Conditioning • Reinforcement • “Skinner Box” • reinforcement is anything that could increase a wanted behavior

24. Operant Conditioning • Types of Reinforcers • Reinforcer - anything that encourages a behavior to happen again • Primary Reinforcers • keep people alive • food, water, shelter • Secondary Reinforcers • money, attention, social approval, etc.

25. Operant Conditioning • Types of Reinforcers • Positive • given something that you want • food, money, praise, etc. • negative • take away something that you don’t want • don’t have to do chores, homework, etc.

26. Operant Conditioning • Rewards • positive reinforcements • Punishment • positive - give something unpleasant • spanking, chores, lecture, etc. • negative - take away something you want • cell phone, car, etc. • not as effective as reinforcements

28. Warm ups • sleep survey • questions about meditation, BFT, & Hypnosis • Pavlov Comic

29. Skit • Groups of 4 • Write and perform a skit • 1 positive reinforcement • 1 negative reinforcement • 1 positive punishment • 1 negative punishment • turn in scripts after you present

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31. Warm Up 03/13 • Do you think punishments or rewards are more effective? Why?

32. Operant Conditioning • Schedules of Reinforcement • Continuous - reinforcing behavior every time it happens • partial - reinforcing the behavior some of the time • interval - time passes between intervals

33. Operant Conditioning • Schedules of Reinforcement • ratio - behavior must happen a certain # of times between reinforcements • fixed-ratio - set amount of behaviors • variable-ratio - can happen at any time

34. Operant Conditioning • Extinction • repeated performance of behavior without reinforcement

35. Cognitive Learning • What we think of as learning… • Latent learning • not all learning is reinforced • knowledge can be dormant until you need it

36. Cognitive Learning • Observational Learning • learning by watching others • Albert Bandura • Social Learning theory • Bobo doll experiment • children more likely to replicate violent behavior when they see an adult do it

38. Cognitive Learning • Observational Learning • Violence in the Media • contributing factor to aggression • emotional desensitization • higher tendency to commit violent acts • Do you buy it? Do video games make kids more violent?

39. Dance it out

40. Schedules... • Individually, pick the schedule of reinforcement that you think would work the best for teaching behaviors. • Think of an example of this schedule, then draw a picture of your example as if it were being posted to instagram. • color it (you can even choose a “filter” if you want) • Give it a caption • Get your classmates to like it?

41. Warm Up 10/15 • Have you been successful in school? • Do you think you learn in school?

42. Warm Up 10/14 • How did you learn to drive? • How did you learn to read?

43. PQ4R Method • Preview • getting some idea about the subject before you learn • Question • becoming an active learner • set goals of what you want to learn • ask specific questions about those goals

44. PQ4R Method • Read • with the purpose of answering your questions • reflect • relate old and new info • recite • repeating info • Review • look back over what you learned