1 / 29

Eastern Europe after World War II

Eastern Europe after World War II. All were: Members of the Warsaw Pact Or members of the Comecon (economic organization) Communist Dictatorships Had ‘ little Stalins ’ in power Had a Leninist ideology Owed allegiance to Moscow. The Soviet bloc: Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia

maya
Télécharger la présentation

Eastern Europe after World War II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Eastern Europe after World War II • All were: • Members of the Warsaw Pact • Or members of the Comecon (economic organization) • Communist Dictatorships • Had ‘little Stalins’ in power • Had a Leninist ideology • Owed allegiance to Moscow • The Soviet bloc: • Poland • Hungary • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Romania • Bulgaria • Albania • Yugoslavia

  2. The Communist Black Sheep: Yugoslavia • Rejected control by Moscow early on. • Rested on General Tito’s personal power

  3. Josip Broz Tito“Brotherhood andUnity”

  4. The Communist Black Sheep: Yugoslavia • Rejected control by Moscow early on. • Rested on General Tito’s personal power • Established regime without Soviet help • Had connections to the West • Disagreements with the Soviets • Did not like taking orders • Disagreed with collectivization

  5. The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA

  6. Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2% Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12% Muslims (43.7%) Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %) Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6% Albanian/Muslim 14% Hungarian/Catholic 4% Bosnia: 40% of urban couples ethnically mixed Patterns of Ethnic Settlement Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up 66% Macedonian/E Ortho 23% Albanian/Muslim 2% Serb/E Ortho 4% Turk/Muslim

  7. Key to the conflict • World underestimated • the power and violence of appeals to ethnicity and nationalism • Milosevic • purged moderates • played upon old fears/animosities • engaged in specific policies designed to • perpetuate the fear and • SEGREGATE the populations and REDRAW national boundaries to their own advantage • specifically calculated the West’s inability/reluctance to get involved

  8. With the rise of Gorbachev and liberalization of relations with USSR • Yugoslavia was no longer a crucial link to US foreign policy • Fear precedent of break-up • US and West was focused on Persian Gulf • WEST not prepared to deal with conflicting goals: integrity of state v. self determination

  9. Bosnia • Geographically it’s in the middle • Territory was desirable for its access to the Adriatic Sea and for strategic reasons • It was an example of a truly multi-ethnic society with no majority • Muslims (43.7%) • Croats (17.3%) • Serbs (31.4 %) • The population consisted of large ethnic groups • Linked to Serbia and Croatia • Serbia and Croatia wanted these people and their lands to join Serbia and Croatia respectively, rather than be in a multi-ethnic Bosnia

  10. IRONY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING • Ethnic cleansing and mass murder produced ethnically pure territorial units • ultimately produces NEATER maps on which peace settlement could be worked • allowing the safe areas to fall got rid of enclaves that cluttered the map • world leaders denounce ethnic cleansing BUT in the end BACK RESULTS which bring peace

  11. BOSNIA • Declares independence, too • Bosnian Serbs • declare an independent Serb state and lay siege to Sarajevo, claiming the city as its capital • Yugoslav artillery shell Bosnia/Sarajevo—providing support to Serb irregulars who engage in ethnic cleansing of Bosnia • 1000 Serbs shells a day hitting Sarajveo • 3,777 hit in 16 hours on July 23, 1993

  12. SARAJEVO BEFORE THE WAR

  13. Market Bombings that Finally Touch the World

  14. Dayton Peace Accord • Single Bosnia state (country) • divided Bosnia into Croat-Muslim Federation and Bosnian Serb Republic (2 republics) • joint presidency • free elections • END up w/ Bosnia ethnic enclaves each elect strong nationalist governments • NATO implementation force (IFOR) to enforce provisions and ensure elections • War crime tribunal

  15. Before the War After Dayton Accords

  16. Vojvodina Hungarian and Catholic majority Kosovo Albanian and Muslim majority (90%) “Autonomous” Provinces in Yugoslavia

  17. Slovenia (West) Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2% Croatia (West) Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12% Macedonia (East) 66% Macedonian/E Ortho 23% Albanian/Muslim 2% Serb/E Ortho 4% Turk/Muslim Serbia and Montenegro (incorporated Vojvodina and Kosovo) (East) Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6% Albanian/Muslim 14% Hungarian/Catholic 4% Bosnia and Hercegovina (Central) Muslims (43.7%) Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %) Ethnic and Religious Make-up

More Related