Home: to re-stucture the cable

1. Home: to re-stucture the cable • Problem (current stage, personalities, and how the bill can change the past position of the VOA) • Action No footnotes 1 page

2. Cables (information letters): the expert information must be more profound • HR 4490 – a question for an expert: • Does the Bill revise the ideological and political foundation for the U.S. informational activities? Or • Does the Bill revise the agencies, the staff, and etc. and exploit the context as the premise for the reform ? • If the 1, it is a RED FLAG for Russia • If the 2, there are no worries

3. The answer is to compare the official documents: the Bill and the Act of 1994 Laura +: 162 US Intl Broadcasting, 1994 RL. 103-236) Sec. 303 would enhance the promotion of information and ideas, while advancing the goals of United States foreign policy. SEC. 303[3] STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES. (a) BROADCASTING STANDARDS.-United States international broadcasting shall- • be consistent with the broad foreign policy objectives of the United States - A; • VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive - B. (2) VOA will represent America, not any single segment of American society, and will therefore present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions -A. (3) VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and opinion on these policies -B. + semi-private BBG-B

4. The textual analysis: the most simple mode - To weight A position and B position - the number of the sentences referred to the foreign policy and the number of the sentences referred to the “objective information” Conclusion: administrative reform in the context of the containment of Russia Monitor the bill

5. DISSECTION (THE TEXTUAL ANALYSIS) IN EXPERTS’ PAPERS

6. Dissection D. is the textual analysis of official documents in order to define the previous position of (states) and make a conclusion about its revision. Aim of the analysis is to find the legitimate foundations to change smth.

7. INFORMAL MEETING OF THE NATO-RUSSIA COUNCIL AT THE LEVEL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS NATO HEADQUARTERS, BRUSSELS FRIDAY, 2 APRIL 2004 STATEMENT (1) 683-03-04-2004 On 2 April 2004, Foreign Ministers of the NATO-Russia(2) Council (NRC) met in Brussels for the first time in an enlarged format "at 27". Ministers welcomed (5) the participation of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia. (3) They reiterated the adherence of all NRC member states to the goals, principles and commitments contained in the Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Co-operation and Security, and in the Rome Declaration (6), as well as in past decisions taken in the NRC framework. Ministers reaffirmed the 4 June 2003 Statement agreed by NRC Foreign Ministers in Madrid (6), and they recalled NATO's position on providing political assurances of restraint. They also reaffirmed adherence to the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (6) (CFE) as a cornerstone of European security, and those NRC members who are States Parties to the Treaty reaffirmed their determination to fulfill the commitments reflected in the Final Act of the 1999 Conference of the States Parties to the CFE Treaty. Calling upon all CFE States Parties to promote achievement of this shared goal, the NRC agreed to continue to work co-operatively toward ratification by all the States Parties and entry into force of the Agreement on Adaptation of the CFE Treaty (4), which would permit accession by non-CFE states. Ministers welcomed the approach of the four non-CFE member states of the NRC, who have stated their intention to request accession (5)to the adapted CFE Treaty (3) upon its entry into force, and agreed that their accession would provide an important additional contribution to European stability and security.

8. 10 steps of dissection 0) contextualization: It is a reconstruction of relevant events happened around the documents: when, who, why The document: “Statement by Russian Minister of FA about informal meeting of the NATO-Russia Council…., 2 April 2004: -text -accumulation all possible information from the Web, Mass media concerned the event -what has happened before? On the 1 of April Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia became the members of EU and NATO >> strong concerns of Russia, because four of them had not adapted before the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

9. 10 steps of dissection: contextualization -why the document was issued? It was the result of the meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the NATO-Russia Council on the next day in Brussels.

10. dissection: the form of document 1) The form is the type of diplomatic document (treaty, conventions, agreements): • Why was this form selected by a diplomats? • The form is the Statement is to emphasize the concerns of Russia, to clear the existing problem.

11. dissection: the actors of the document 2) Actors – those who participated in the event (in its final stage) and signed the document. In the Statement: “.. Foreign Ministers of the NATO, Russia…”

12. dissection: the paternity 3) Paternity is the authorship of the main articles or clause in the document: We must attribute each clause to the participating sides >> • Which clauses are country A’s and which are country B's? • Which clauses are against country A and which are against country B? • Help from Mass-Media (Briefings) The document: NATO’s “pressure”: “..Ministers welcomed the participation of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia…” Russia's “pressure”: “Ministers welcomed the approach of the four non-CFE member states of the NRC, who have stated their intention to request accession to the adapted CFE Treaty…”

13. dissection: the balance of interest 4) Balance of interest is a rough estimation of which of countries got the better deal: • From the group of clauses tagged "A" or "B" for each party it will be possible to examine: • which interests of each country are covered • Which states got more for their national security The Document: Russia was compelled to recognize the fact of NATO enlargement and, however, gained that “… NATO-Russia Council agreed to continue to work co-operatively toward ratification by all the States Parties and entry into force of the Agreement on Adaptation of the CFE Treaty….”

14. dissection: Trade-Offs 5) Trade-offs (swap) is the examination to what extent one country will have concede more rights to the other in one area of the agreement in order to gain more positions in another sector which is more important in the national interest; • Can be found in the document or more often in media like press-conferences of participants. The document: Russia welcomed the participation of new member in NATO, but in exchange Russia has got assurance that new members will adopt the treaty and additional responsibilities.

15. dissection: Supporting disciplines 6) Supporting disciplines – are there references or links to previous agreements or international acts in the document? • aim is to examine the particular country's claims presented with the support of international law and previous agreements; • “respectable” documents have the links to the previous documents The document: There is the indication without link to the full text and without additional information: “…Rome Declaration….the 4 June 2003 Statement in Madrid….Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe…” symbolize the hasty and emergent environment of preparation the document.

16. dissection: Media Coverage 7) Media Coverage is the deep analysis of • Interviews, press-conferences, statements of the participants • General coverage of the event in newspapers of each respective countries >> • Additional information for the “balance of interests”, “contextualization” and others. Document: Interviews with Lavrov: • Russia needs guarantees that nuclear weapons….will not be deployed there and that no large troop contingents…. will be stationed there on a permanent basis…that the Baltic states will reaffirm about their adaptation of the Treaty …These circumstances create necessary conditions for continuing the work of the RNC in a normal constructive spirit….

17. The importance of mass-media analysis: the true concerns • press-conference of Lavrov about the Brussels meeting: “…We expressed our serious concern to the partners over the fact that the present NATO enlargement has occurred out of the Treaty context, since four of the entrant countries are not parties to it; …we need guarantees in the first place that the four nonparties to the Treaty who have entered into NATO will join it as soon as this becomes possible…; …Question: Did you receive guarantees from the four countries which are not parties to the CFE Treaty regarding their subsequent accession to the treaty? Answer: I did not say that we had received guarantees regarding the accession of the four countries to the CFE Treaty. (back)

18. The meaning of mass-media-analysis The statement of NATO Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer after meeting with Putin, April 8, 2004 in Moscow: “…I can understand the Russian reaction to the expansion of NATO, and why ordinary citizens ask what this will lead to. I can understand this. I want to stress that a great deal of work lies before us in public diplomacy, to assure everyone that neither old or new NATO members have any intention to station significant numbers of troops on their territories….” (back)

19. The meaning of mass-media-analysis (the trade-offs, balance of interests) Lavrov told on the press-conference about the Brussels meeting: “…The Adaptation of the CFE Treaty is a binding document. Russia assumed obligations regarding the withdrawal of our military equipment from Moldova and concerning negotiation with Georgia on the questions of the procedure and timeframe for the withdrawal of the military bases from there…”

20. The meaning of mass-media-analysis (diplomatic trail) Lavrov told on the press-conference about the Brussels meeting: “…never favored NATO's expansion. As before, our attitude towards the expansion is negative. But we are not making a tragedy of this. We take the NATO expansion as a given, because at this moment the philosophy of NATO so far has not changed. But we did not welcome a single wave of enlargement.. (back)

21. dissection: Diplomatic Trail 8) Diplomatic trail is the reconstruction of the original motivations and factors influenced on the creation of the document and the causes. • It is possible to do if you have access to the drafting-process or look for additional information from Mass-media. Document: Russia was the initiator of the document to demonstrate the concerns and to make the NATO to recognize her concerns. Russia of course officially welcomed the new members but it could happen and without Russia’ recognition.

22. dissection: Diplomatic Lever 9) Diplomatic lever is an evaluation of the pressure to get the diplomatic process started • It is possible to conclude if you have access to the diplomatic information; • Or through mass-media Document: Russia started the process of talks through mass-media diplomacy and gained the meeting. Russia demanded the Joint communiqué or even convention but failed.

23. dissection: Partners, allies, opponents? 10) Is it possible to conclude that the sides become more closer to each other? • Joint press-conferences or unilateral activity • Form of document • Balance of interests and ets Document: Unilateral activities It is clear that NATO and Russia try to tolerate each other

24. Practice: Minsk Protocol, 2014 • Define the actors • Define the form: • Protocol – an compulsory diplomatic document to fix a temporal position • Define and tag the “authorship” of each clause • Define the “trade”

25. At home: protocol 0) contest • Form • Actors • Balance • Trade-off • Mass-media (before and past statement) • Status of the relationship A paper to be sent

26. Looking for propaganda in mass-media (Propaganda analysis) The goals of propaganda directed at groups in the opponent's country: 1) to deprive (effect of deprivation) the society 2) to indulge pliable groups

27. The means to achieve these goals through propaganda (the indicators of it) 1) surprise effect is a new info about forthcoming event 2) demoralization effect is to present info about forthcoming event confidently (experts are invited to do), in details, and in terns of the powerlessness of the opponent 3) loss of confidence effect is to criticize an opponent's government so strong in order to reduce the audience's confidence in efficacy of possible countermeasures by its own leaders

28. The means to achieve these goals through propaganda (the indicators of it) 4) to maximize disruptive effects among members of opposing elite, and between the elite and the masses (audience), and not let them to be united against you 5) to give prior moralization justification of your actions 6) to encourage opponent's experts to make overoptimistic reaction to the event which is bound to subsequent disollusionist.