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Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 6 th Edition

Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 6 th Edition. Chapter 8 : Particulate Matter Compiled by Allen Sullivan, Assistant Professor, Safety and Health Management Central Washington University. Introduction. Background historical notes route of entry labeling nuisance dusts PNOC PNOR

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Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 6 th Edition

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  1. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene6th Edition Chapter 8: Particulate Matter Compiled by Allen Sullivan, Assistant Professor, Safety and Health ManagementCentral Washington University

  2. Introduction • Background • historical notes • route of entry • labeling • nuisance dusts • PNOC • PNOR • nanoparticles • pneumoconiosis

  3. Basic Concepts and Examples • Particle Deposition Mechanisms • inertial impaction • interception • sedimentation • electrostatic attraction • diffusion • Brownian movement

  4. Particle Filtration Mechanisms • Filter Types • HEPA • ULPA • Electret • (thermal rebound effect)

  5. Particle Size Distributions • Particle Size Distributions • particle cloud • particle size • monodisperse • polydisperse • particle concentration • particle count • particle mass • particle surface area

  6. Determining Acceptable Exposure • Critical Factors • chemical composition • isotopic composition • crystalline structure • shape of particle • size of particle • aerodynamic equivalent diameter • dose • exposure limits • references • time bases

  7. Determining Acceptable Exposure (cont.) • Critical Factors (cont.) • pre-existing health/genetics • concurrent exposure • non-interactive • additive • synergistic

  8. Biological Reactions • Biological Reactions • sensory irritation • rapid, shallow breathing • lung edema • acute/chronic bronchitis • allergic sensitization • fibrosis • emphysema • systemic toxicity • lymphatic toxicity • oncogenesis • infection • metal fume fever

  9. Engineered Nanoparticles • Engineered Nanoparticles • four characteristics • chemical and physical behavior • crossing anatomical barriers Various forms of nano zinc oxide. 1 mg of particles of 1 nm3 has the same surface area as 1 kg of particles of 1 mm3

  10. Sampling Particulate Matter • Sampling Particulate Matter • air samples • surface samples • biological samples • Types of Air Samples • breathing zone sampling • general air sampling • Analysis of PM Samples • microscopic counting • respirable mass fraction

  11. Specific PM Sampling • Dual-Phase Monitoring • Microbial • Radon

  12. Specific PM Sampling (cont.) • Diesel Particulate Matter • Engineered Nanoparticles • Isokinetic Sampling

  13. Specific PM Sampling (cont.) • Surface Sampling • dry swipe • wet swipe • vacuum collection • lift tape • direct-read instruments

  14. Analysis of Air Samples • Analysis of Air Samples • Metals • spectroscopic analysis • Free-Crystalline Silica • infrared spectrophotometry • powder x-ray diffraction

  15. Analysis of Air Samples (cont.) • Asbestos • issues • non-specific • resolution • fiber counting • fiber size

  16. Analysis of Air Samples (cont.) • Radioactive Particles • scintillator • Geiger-Mueller tube • liquid scintillation • Gravimetric Analysis • methodology

  17. Analysis of Air Samples (cont.) • Microorganisms • viability • lack of specificity • Organic Particles • gas chromotography

  18. Direct-Read Particle Detectors • Direct-Read Particle Detectors • sample collection device + sample analysis device • condensation nuclei counters

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