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Homeroom Warm Up 12-1-14

This text provides an overview of the structure and function of cells, including the discovery of cells, the cell theory, and the diversity of cells in terms of size, shape, and internal organization. It discusses the different types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) and their organelles, such as the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chromosomes, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles.

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Homeroom Warm Up 12-1-14

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  1. Homeroom Warm Up12-1-14 Write one paragraph to describe how you spent your Thanksgiving Break.

  2. Academic Enrichment Warm Up A cheetah can run at a rate of 30 meters per second. How far could a cheetah travel in 60 seconds? D= T x S A. 90 meters B. 120 meters C. 150 meters D. 1800 meters

  3. Academic EnrichmentClosure Which is the best description of where earthquakes are likely to occur? • A in the middle of a continent • B along a coastline • C along two plate boundaries • D in the middle of an ocean

  4. Science Warm Up 12-1-14write question & answer Which processes can change a metamorphic rock into an igneous rock? A. weathering and erosion B. melting and cooling C. deposition and cementation D. heat and pressure

  5. HomeworkDue Tuesday • Page 55 in textbook • Bring science books to class tomorrow!

  6. GLE Review • GLE 0707.1.1 Make observations and describe the structure and function of organelles found in plant and animal cells. • GLE 0707.1.2 Summarize how the different levels of organization are integrated within living systems.

  7. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  8. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  9. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  10. Discovery of Cells • The invention of the lens • Robert Hooke (1665): observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) with a microscope. He described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells).

  11. The Cell Theory • What is the cell theory? 1. All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are organisms’ basic units of structure and function. 3. Cells come only from existing cells.

  12. The Cell Theory • Who developed the cell theory? • Matthias Schleiden (1838): concluded that all plants are composed of cells • Theodor Schwann (1839): concluded that all animals are composed of cells • Rudolph Virchow (1855): determined that cells come only from other cells

  13. Cell Diversity • Size • Shape • Internal Organization

  14. Cell Diversity- Size

  15. Smallest Cells: Cell Diversity- Size Biggest Cells: Longest Cells: 6 inches long, 5 inches wide, 3 pounds Ostrich Egg

  16. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  17. Prokaryotic Cells • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  18. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  19. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  20. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  21. The Parts of the Cell • Each living cell carries out the tasks of taking food, transforming food into energy, getting rid of wastes, and reproducing.

  22. Cell Parts Organelles

  23. Surrounding the Cell

  24. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer • Selectively permeable • Found in all cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  25. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  26. Inside the Cell

  27. Nucleus • Structure: the nucleus is a sphere that contains another sphere called a nucleolus • controls cell activities -Contains genetic material - DNA

  28. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  29. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  30. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  31. Endoplasmic Reticulum • intercellular highway (a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another) Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes • Rough ER (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface * Smooth and Rough ER have different functions http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  32. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  33. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  34. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  35. Lysosome • Function: breaks down food particles, invading objects, or worn out cell parts http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  36. Vacuoles • Structure: a sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane • Very large in plants • Function: used for temporary storage of wastes, nutrients, and water http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  37. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  38. 3 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells

  39. Science Closure12-1-14 In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place? A. vacuole B. chloroplasts C. cell wall D. mitochondrion

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