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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. What do you need to know about hardware?. Consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions in programs or software. The CPU – The BRAIN.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4

  2. What do you need to know about hardware? Consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions in programs or software

  3. The CPU – The BRAIN Selects the instructions, processes them, performs the duties, and stores the results. Dual processor – has 2 CPUs Quad processor – has 4 CPUs Works in conjunction with Main Memory, aka RAM Peripherals connected by USB connectors

  4. Storage Hardware • Saves data and programs • Most popular – Magnetic disk • Others • Optical disk (CD, DVD) • Thumbdrives – portable magnetic devices • Tape

  5. Computer Data Heirarchy • Bit (a binary digit) • Circuit that is either on or off; 0’s and 1’s • Byte • Group of 8 bits, represents a single character • Kilobyte (K) • 1024 bytes • Megabyte (MB) • 1024K • Gigabyte (GB) • 1024 MB • Terabyte (TB) • 1024 GB • Memory tool: Biting and Kicking Makes Gigantic Trouble

  6. What is Happening??? Inputs CPU Output Entered and Retrieves and Processes Stores and Delivers Stored until Needed

  7. Grid vs. Cloud Grid – network of computers that operates as an integrated whole (appears to be one computer) Organizations may lease time on a grid from other organizations Cloud – lease server resources from a vendor that specializes in server processing Pay for service as you use it Examples?

  8. 4 Major Operating Systems • Windows • 85 – 95% of world’s computers • Different versions exist – can you name a few? • Mac OS • Used primarily by graphic artists and workers in art community • Leader of easy-to-use interfaces • Unix • Workhorse of scientific community • In general, not for business • Linux • Open source version of Unix • Most frequently used for web servers

  9. Application Software • Performs a service or function • Horizontal market application software • Common across all industries and organizations • Examples? • Vertical market application software • Serves needs of a specific industry • Examples? • Can be altered or customized • One-of-a-kind application software • Developed for a specific need • Examples?

  10. How do you acquire A/S? • Off the shelf • Know cost immediately • You get what you get • Off the shelf with alterations • Can get it altered to fit better • Custom-developed • Tailor-made

  11. Chapter 6Data Communications

  12. What is a computer network? • Collection of computers that communicate with each other • Types of Networks

  13. Local Area Networks (LANs) • Connects computers at a single physical site • Typically within ½ mile (i.e., LOCAL) • Could be 2 computers/devices or as many as several hundred • Communication lines • Cables that connect devices • Wireless connections also used • Protocol – set of rules used by all devices on the network

  14. Wide Area Networks • Connects computers at different geographical locations (i.e., WIDE) • Communication lines • Cables that connect locations are usually dependent upon what is available from others (can’t just lay cable between New York and Texas without any help!) • Protocol – also have set of rules that devices on the network must follow

  15. What are the components of a LAN? • Switch • Special purpose computer that receives/transmits traffic • Connects devices on the LAN • Usually within the “LAN device” • NIC • Network Interface Card • Internal “onboard” or physically in expansion slot on device • Unique identifiers on Media Access Control (MAC) Address • UTP cables • Unshielded Twisted Pair cables connect devices • Twisted to reduce cross wire signal interference Pg.171

  16. IEEE 802.11 Wireless Protocol • Wireless connections are popular for LANs • NIC replaced by WNIC • Almost all PCs today have WNIC onboard • What does that mean? • Many networks will need to use both 802.11 and 802.3 • Connected at Access Point that can handle both protocols • Bluetooth – wireless protocol – Examples?

  17. Summary for LANs

  18. Gradations of Speed and Performance • ADSL vs. SDSL • Asymmetric – download faster than upload • Symmetrical – same speeds • Which would be more appropriate for a home? • Which would be better for a business?

  19. Firewall • Firewall – computing device that prevents unauthorized network access • Computer • Program • Router • Perimeter firewall – sits outside the network • Internal firewall – inside the network • Packet filtering firewall – examines messages and determines whether or not to let it in • Access control lists – encodes the rules stating what is/isn’t allowed

  20. Chapter 7 Enterprise Systems

  21. Information Systems Vary By Scope A.K.A. Departmental, functional, or collaborative

  22. Q2: When Are Information Silos a Problem? Data isolated in separated information systems Created over time as personal and workgroup support applications implemented As organizations grow, silos duplicate data and become serious problems

  23. Problems with Silos • Data Duplication or inconsistency • Disjointed processes • Limited information and lack of integration • Isolated decisions can lead to inefficiencies • Increased expenses

  24. Business Process Reengineering BPR = Analysis and design of workflows and processes within an organization. Identify Processes Review, Update, Analyze As Is Enterprise systems not feasible until network, data communication, and database technologies reached sufficient level of capability and maturity in late 1980s and early 1990s. Test & Implement To Be Design To Be

  25. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) • Systems that manages the interactions through the customer life cycle • Customer life cycle – stages • Attracting a Target • Selling to a Prospect/Lead • Supporting and reselling to a Customer • Loss and Churn/winning back

  26. Customer Life Cycle

  27. Chapter 8 E-Commerce, Web 2.0, and Social Networking

  28. Before the Internet… • How did we do business? • How did companies communicate with customers? • Who controlled the relationship? E-commerce: buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks

  29. How do companies use E-Commerce? • E-Commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks • Merchant companies – take title to the goods they sell. They buy and then resell them. • Example? • Nonmerchant companies – arrange for the purchase and sale of goods without ever owning or taking title • Example?

  30. E-Commerce Merchant Companies • Types – May use different IS • Sell directly to customers • B2C • Sell to companies • B2B • Sell to government • B2G • Web storefronts – customers can manage orders

  31. Example

  32. Nonmerchant E-Commerce • Most common • Auctions • Others can serve specific industries or interests • Clearinghouses • Provide goods and services at stated prices and arrange for delivery but never take title • Electronic Exchange • Matches buyers and sellers

  33. How does E-commerce improve market efficiency? • Disintermediation • Elimination of middle layers in supply chain • Distribution directly to buyer • Eliminates carrying costs, shipping costs are reduced • Improved flow of price information • Customer can find best price for the value • Seller can understand price elasticity • Direct information from consumer • Price experimentation

  34. Comparing Web 2.0 withTraditional Processing

  35. How can businesses benefit? • Advertising • Adwords – you pay to put your ad on sites or in search results • Adsense – others pay you to put their ad on your site • Social Networking • Mashups

  36. Social Capital • Investment in social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace • Adds Value by providing: • Information • Influence • Social Credentials • Personal Reinforcement • Total Value of your Social Capital: # and strength of relationships and the resources controlled by those related

  37. How Social Networks Add Value to Businesses • Number of relationships • Strength of relationships • Resources controlled by “friends” Traditional vs. Social Networking with Technology – How is it different?

  38. Risks of Social Networking • Junk and crackpots • Inappropriate content • Unfavorable reviews • Mutinous movements • Dependency on social network vendor Example: www.facebook.com/progressive

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