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Chapter 9 Non-tariff barriers

Chapter 9 Non-tariff barriers. Link to syllabus. Figure 9.1 p. 166. Major Types of NTBs. Figure 9.2 page 174 Effects of an import quota. Figure 8.4 page 152 (repeated) The net national loss from a tariff. Extension on Monopolies and Protectionism, pp. 176-77.

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Chapter 9 Non-tariff barriers

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  1. Chapter 9 Non-tariff barriers Link to syllabus

  2. Figure 9.1 p. 166. Major Types of NTBs

  3. Figure 9.2 page 174Effects of an import quota

  4. Figure 8.4 page 152 (repeated) The net national loss from a tariff

  5. Extension on Monopolies and Protectionism, pp. 176-77 Quota for a domestic monopoly Tariff for a domestic monopoly Quota price P2 is higher than tariff price P1, so monopolies prefer quotas. Higher gains for producers, higher losses for consumers.

  6. Figure 9.3 Page 180Effects of an import quota, competition, large country Net gain is e – (b+d), and can be positive. .. “Optimal Quota”

  7. Compare to Figure 8.5 page 160 A large country imposes a small tariff Net gain is e – (b+d)

  8. End of Multi-Fiber Agreement Date of NYT article was probably 2004.

  9. China's Experience Under the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) and the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) Irene Brambilla, AmitKhandelwal, Peter Schott NBER Working Paper No. 13346 Issued in August 2007 This paper analyzes China's experience under U.S. apparel and textile quotas. It makes use of a unique new database that tracks U.S. trading partners' performance under the quota regimes established by the global Multifiber Arrangement (1974 to 1995) and subsequent Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (1995 to 2005). We find that China was relatively more constrained under these regimes than other countries and that, as quotas were lifted, China's exports grew disproportionately. When the ATC finally ended in 2005, China's exports surged while those from nearly all other regions fell.

  10. How big are costs of protection? (page 188) (Cost goes up as tariff-squared) Cost of protection will not be large if tariffs themselves are small, as in U.S. today

  11. WTO protest picture Source: earlier edition of Pugel

  12. Link to the WTO WTO • Oversees the global rules for government policies toward international trade. More than 140 member countries. • The WTO was established in 1995, by renaming and upgrading the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which was established as an “interim” agreement, 1947. • Principles: • Liberalization of trade restrictions, move toward free trade • Nondiscrimination among countries, often called the most favored nation (MFN) principle • No unfair encouragement for exports • Note that in principle this does not include policy toward FDI, nor should it be involved in international politics. Practice is different.

  13. Roberto Azevedo, WTO Director General since Sept. 2013 Born in Salvador, Brazil in 1957 Undergraduate degree from Brasilia In Electrical Engineering. Served in various diplomatic postings, most recently as Brazil’s rep to the WTO. It is said that his major competitor for the WTO position was Herminio Blanco, of Mexico.

  14. Pascal Lamy, Director of the WTO Educated in Paris, was advisor to Jacques Delors Has been active in the French Socialist Party. Was Commissioner for Trade for the EC 1999-2004. Continues to hold perhaps honorary positions at French universities. Bio on Pascal Lamy

  15. USTR-Zoellick- Former USTR. Previous head of the World Bank. Link to Robert Zoellick’spage (not working) Currently working for Romney, and is mentioned for Sec. of State. Has been criticized by some neo-cons. Raised in Naperville, Illinois, Mr. Zoellick received a J.D. magna cum laude from the Harvard Law School and a Master of Public Policy degree from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government in 1981. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Swarthmore College in 1975.

  16. Link to Current USTR Michael Froman Born in California in 1962. A.B. in Public Policy from Princeton, a doctorate in International Relations from Oxford, and a law degree from Harvard Law (where he met Barack Obama). Froman was President Obama’s White House assistant and Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs, with Responsibility for trade and finance, energy and development. Previously, he worked for Citigroup, and was a Fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations.

  17. Recent USTR—Rob Portman Link to Rob Portman’s page at OMB Ambassador Rob Portman was appointed United States Trade Representative by President George W. Bush on April 29, 2005 and was sworn into office on May 17, 2005 by Andrew H. Card, Jr, Chief of Staff to President Bush. Previously he served as a Representative of the Second District of Ohio in the United States Congress. During his time in Congress, Portman served as the Chairman of the House Republican Leadership and was the liaison between the House Leadership and the White House. Was transferred to OMB in April, 2006.

  18. Figure 9.4 page 189 – taken out of 15th ed.! Losses and gains from U.S. protection

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