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Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition metal species below a) Cr Ni

In-Class Exercise 2.4: Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition metal species below. Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition metal species below a) Cr Ni Ag +. remember…rule is applied ONLY with the s & d electron combos

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Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition metal species below a) Cr Ni

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  1. In-Class Exercise 2.4: Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition metal species below • Write the correct, pigeonhole diagrams for the transition • metal species below • a) Cr • Ni • Ag+ remember…rule is applied ONLY with the s & d electron combos (e.g. transition elements only)

  2. More practice: write the correct, abbreviated configurations for… Cu [Ar] 3d104s1 [Ar] 3d54s1 Co3+ [Ar] 3d54s1 Fe2+

  3. Why chemists love singing the spdf song: Electrons utterly rule how elements react to make compounds. What kind of electronic orbitals they possess decides how they behave chemically. Dogs drool, cats rule sis for silly cow pis for pretty kitty dis for dumb dog

  4. The specific combo of orbits creates the unique chemistry of an element Be= [He]2s2 Cl=[Ne]3s23p4 Ti = [Ar] 3d24s2 100% cow 33% cow+66% kitty 50% cow +50% dog

  5. A little addendum… Erwin Schrӧdinger (whiz kid) finally solves H atom to everyone’s satisfaction (in mid 1930s) with equation below* but only after the spectroscopists gave him the benchmarks to measure his predictions against…. * “-h(2)/2m +/r =E obviously…(duh)” Schrӧdinger’s eigenvalue equation for single electron in 1/r electrostatic potential field (H atom) “….spectroscopists still rule, Schrӧdinger drools.” No closed math form for general atoms yet

  6. Hold the phone kids… where did the Periodic Table come from in the first place ???? Whose your Daddy ? READ pages 82-98

  7. THINKING LIKE A CHEMIST: Russian styleDimitri Mendeleev ~1865 Winner of Mendeleev look alike contest Dr. Steve Jakobi,Alfred State Biology professor kicking a cold brewski back. Da ! Da ! Out of school… cardplayer, known party animal , political troublemaker & confirmed `tippler’ At …St Petersburg U Chemistry …the dedicated chemistry teacher;

  8. The mess he deals with… ~ 60 elements by 1865 # element some properties 1 H completely reactive; not found except as H2 gas at room temperature. Found in numerous organic and inorganic compounds • He completely unreactive. Gas at room temperature. • No known compounds of He. 3 Li very reactive. Solid metal at room temperature. Found many inorganic compounds No apparent rhyme or reason as element count goes up….

  9. `How Do We Organize the Element Problem’ Analogies 1) Is there a coherent `pattern’ to the 26 symbols ? ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG

  10. Analogies (continued) 2) Card player insights 6C 12.01 • GRAPHITE • MP 1710 OC • d=2.11 g/cm3 • BLACK • CO, CO2 • 2 other crystal forms Playing card Element card

  11. THINKING LIKE A CHEMIST: Mendeleev (cont.) Organizing the mess that are the ~60 known elements circa 1870: Negative of Mendeleev’s Perioyodik tablo “Colorized” version with English translation

  12. Modern version of Mendeleev’s Periodic table of the elements

  13. Why the Periodic Table Rocks….Thinking Like a Chemist Russian style property Atomic mass Melting point (o C) Density (g/cm3) common oxide Density of oxide(g/cm3) common chloride chloride boiling point (o C) ?? Ge Silicon (Si) predicted1 Found1 Tin (Sn) 28 1410 2.33 SiO2 2.66 SiCl4 57.6 72 821 5.5 XO2 4.7 XCl4 100 72.6 947 5.4 GeO2 4.23 GeCl4 84 118 232 7.28 SnO2 6.95 SnCl4 114 Average of Si and Sn data 21886 Germanium (Ge) discovered

  14. Another example… property Atomic mass Melting point o C Boiling point oC Density (g/cm3) common oxide Predicted for `eka-Aluminum Gallium1 69.7 30.1 O C 1983 oC 5.91 Ga2O3 68 amu Low HIGH 5.9 X203 1discovered in 1874 by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

  15. You Try Thinking Like a Russian Chemist… 160 Fy 160 1.10 1600 2700 8.0 Fye 1.10 2000 3300 10.0 Fum Fu 180 Finding Mass # for Fy: #n/#p= 1.10 =#n/160 => 1.10*160=#n= 176 mass #=#n+#p= 176+160=336

  16. Periodic Commonalities: halogens MP and BP very different X p mass MP (OC) BP ( O C) So what’s common ??? 3 7 11 23 19 40 37 85 55 133 -220 -101 -7 114 302 -188 -35 59 184 337 • Halogen chemistry !!! • 2Na + X2  2NaX (high melting white salts) • X2(colored) + ethene colorless dihalides • Breathing X2 kills you

  17. Another example of periodic commonality inert (noble) gases p mass MP(o C) BP (0 C ) -272 - 269 -249 -246 -189 -186 -157 -152 -112 -107 -71 -62 • 4 • 20 • 40 • 84 • 131 • 86 222 So what’s common ??? Noble gas chemistry NONE

  18. A final example of `period commonality’: reactivities of alkali metals Alkali metals SO WHAT’S COMMON ?? It’s all about …. [inert gas]ns1 chemistry SIZE (n) MATTERS !

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