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SPONTANEOUS GENERATION VS BIOGENESISM

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION VS BIOGENESISM. AN ABIOGENESIST IS ONE WHO BELIEVES IN SPONTANEOUS GENERATION A BIOGENESIST BELIEVES THAT ONLY LIVING ORGANISMS CAN HAVE THE SAME TYPE OF ORGANSIM: DOGS HAVE DOGS. The Debate Over Spontaneous Generation.

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SPONTANEOUS GENERATION VS BIOGENESISM

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  1. SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONVSBIOGENESISM AN ABIOGENESIST IS ONE WHO BELIEVES IN SPONTANEOUS GENERATION A BIOGENESIST BELIEVES THAT ONLY LIVING ORGANISMS CAN HAVE THE SAME TYPE OF ORGANSIM: DOGS HAVE DOGS

  2. The Debate Over Spontaneous Generation • The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter is called spontaneous generation. According to spontaneous generation, a “vital force” forms life. A VITAL FORCE IS ANYTHING THAT CAUSES LIFE…MANY BELIEVED THAT AIR HAD THE VITAL FORCE; therefore for any experiment to be valid, it had to start with air in it. • The alternative hypothesis, that the living organisms arise from preexisting life, is called biogenesis.

  3. FRANCISCO REDI I AM THE FIRST TO OBSERVE AN EXERIMENT…. MY EXPERIMENT…. THE OPEN JAR IS THE CONTROL…I KNOW THAT MAGGOTS WILL APPEAR…I DO NOT KNOW AT THIS TIME THAT FLIES CAUSE MAGGOTS THE SEALED JARS ARE THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP I SEE THE FLY LAY HER EGGS –\

  4. Evidence Pro and Con • 1668: Francisco Redi filled six jars with decaying meat.

  5. CONCLUSION • REMEMBER REDI SAW THAT FLIES (AN INSECT…ANIMAL….LAID EGGS; THE EGGS BECAME THE MAGGOTS…. • FLIES HAVE FLIES, ETC.

  6. LET’S REVIEW WHAT IS KNOWN • The early scientists, before microscopes, thought some non living organisms (such as meat) could produce living organisms (such as flies). • The microscope was developed in the late 1500’s. Anthony von Leeuwenhoek, in the 1600’s, showed that microbes split and became other microbes --- biogenesist • Some scientists thought that under the right conditions, some organisms (like boiled gravy) could produce microbes

  7. JOHN TURBEVILLE NEEDHAM WHAT I DID! THIS IS ME! I AM A PRIEST • He believed that spontaneous generation could occur under the right conditions • He took a flask. • He boiled the gravy in the flask. • He corked the flask • Microorganisms grew • Therefore, spontaneous generation does occur I PROVED SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OCCURS BECAUSE I CORKED THE FLASK; THUS, I SEALED IT AND NO MICROBES COULD LIVE.

  8. LAZZARO SPALLANZANI I AM A PRIEST AS WELL AS A NATURALISTS • I PROVED THAT MICROBES TRAVEL THROUGH THE AIR AND THEY CAN BE KILLED THROUGH BOILING • I REALIZED THAT NEEDHAM CORKED THE BOILED INFUSION (BOILING WATER + SOME OTHER MATERIAL) • CORKS ALLOW AIR IN • I SEALED MY FLASKS AFTER I BOILED THE GRAVY INFUSION – NO MICROBES

  9. BIOGENESIST VS ABIOGENESIST BIOGENESISTS ABIOGENESISTS ARISTOTLE – HE SAID SPIDERS GREW FROM LEAVES, FISH FROM MUD, ETC. MICE FROM A KETTLE + HAY BEES FROM DECAYING BULLS NEEDHAM – HE CORKED THE INFUSION, BOILED IT AND STILL GOT MICROBES • BIOGENESIST • LEEUWENHOEK – BECAUSE HE SAW MICROBES DIVIDE • REDI – BECAUSE HE SAW THE FLIES LAY EGGS WHICH BECAME MAGGOTS • SPALLANZANI – BECAUSE HE SEALED THE INFUSION/BOILED THE INFUSION AND NO MICROBES APPEAR

  10. HOW TO END THIS ARGUMENT! • INTO THE 1800’S SOME SCIENTISTS SUPPORTED THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION • SOME ARGUED THAT AIR WAS NECESSARY IN THE PROCESS OF GENERATING LIFE • AIR, TO THEM, CONTAINED THE VITAL FORCE OR LIFE FORCE • ARGUED THAT SPALLANZANI’S EXPERIMENT WAS UNFAIR BECAUSE AIR WAS EXCLUDED

  11. LOUIS PASTEUR LOOK AT THE FLASKS…THEY ARE OPEN AT THE END – AIR COULD GET IN….

  12. LOUS PASTEUR DESIGNED A FLASK THAT HAD A LONG CURVED NECK AND REMAINED OPEN AT THE END FOR AIR TO GET IN USED A YEAST AND SUGAR INFUSION BOILED THE INFUSION – NO MICROBES APPEAR; THIS PROVED SPONTANEOUS GENERATION DOES NOT OCCUR…HE LET AIR IN AND STILL NO LIFE A YEAR LATER, HE BROKE THE FLASKS AND SOON MICROBES APPEARED – THUS, HE PROVED THAT SPONTANEOUS GENERATION DOES NOT OCCUR

  13. The Theory of Biogenesis • Pasteur’s S-shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in. Figure 1.3

  14. NEW ORGANISMS COMING FROM EXISTING ORGANISMS IS NOW A THEORY • WHAT IS A THEORY? it is a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. A particular hypothesis many become so well supported that it is considered a theory. • WHAT IS A SCIENTIFIC LAW? It is a concise verbal or mathematical statement of relation that expresses a fundamental principle of science. It is accepted to be true and universal

  15. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A THEORY AND A LAW • The biggest difference between a law and a theory is that a theory is much more complex and dynamic. A law describes a single action, whereas a theory explains an entire group of related phenomena

  16. A LAW IS LIKE A SLING SHOT • THE SLING SHOT HAS ONE MOVING PART • YOU PUT THE ROCK INTO THE SLING SHOT; • YOU PULL BACK ON THE RUBBER BAND • THE ROCK GOES AS FAR AS THE EXTENT OF THE • PULL OF THE BAND ALLOWS IT • A CAR IS LIKE A THEORY • THE CAR HAS MANY MOVING PARTS IN IT • ALL HELP THE CAR TO RUN • ALL AID IN THE FUNCTION OF THE AUTOMOBILE

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