FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000)

1. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Feudalism: Decentralized political system where kings & nobles give vassals land for milit. service Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Manorialism: Decentralized econ. system of isolated self-sufficient agr. estates (manors) worked by serfs Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them At least some stability Eventual revival of towns & trade after 1000 (FC.64)

3. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A

4. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Roman roads, bridges & bureaucracy ? Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of ? Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

5. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade? Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of ? Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

6. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

7. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A What do kings do when they die & the result? Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

8. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Problem w/trained bur’s & what do kings do? Main form of wealth to Pay nobles with? Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

9. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Economic decline Kings need help ruling: No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Nobles for bur’s & allies Main form of wealth to Pay nobles with? Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

10. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Economic decline Kings need help ruling: No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

11. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Spread of stirrup? Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Economic decline Kings need help ruling: No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

12. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Economic decline Kings need help ruling: No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39)

13. The stability in the saddle afforded by the stirrup allowed the new shock cavalry tactic of holding the lance couched under the arm and using the impetus of the horse’s charge to drive home a fatal blow. However, as seen from the 11th century Bayeux Tapestry above & the modern reconstruction below, Norman knights still would often strike from the older overhand position.

14. By the 1200s, European knights such as the one on the left, exclusively charged with their lances in the couched position, bracing themselves for the shock with their stirrups and higher backed saddles. In the 1300s the deadly impact of this tactic (added to by the breeding of larger and more powerful war horses) led to adding heavier plate armor to the more flexible, but more vulnerable chain mail. By the 1400s, knights were encased entirely in plate armor weighing up to 65 pounds. However, by then, firearms able to penetrate even such armor were starting to make the armored knight militarily obsolete, leading to their eventual political and social decline.

15. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Problem with nobles paid with land? Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

16. FC.41 THE COLLAPSE OF ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land What do nobles do?

17. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops How do kings deal w/these rebellious vassals? Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

18. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

19. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

20. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

21. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

22. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

23. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

24. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Political order in W. Eur. ? Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

25. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. What does this encourage? Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

26. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

27. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

28. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

29. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

30. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

31. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

32. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

33. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

34. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

35. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

36. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

37. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

38. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

39. FC.41.2 THE COLLAPSE OF POLITICAL ORDER IN W. EUROPE (c.800-1000) A Economic decline Kings need help ruling: Spread of stirrup Shock cav. using impetus of horse’s charge Defeated enemies must adopt stirrup & shock cavalry to survive Feudalism: Decentralized political system where kings & nobles give vassals land for milit. service Devout Christians, typically monastic orders, reform & revive Church Rich give Church $ & land to gain salvation  Rich but corrupt Church No schools to train bureaucrats Rely on Church for bur’s & allies Roman rds, bridges & bureaucracy decay Towns & trade decline W. Eur. disintegrates into anarchy & land-based econ. Raids & invasions by Vikings, Arabs & Magyars Kings divide state b/w their sons when they die Civil wars Land the main form of wealth as $ disappears  pay w/land for milit.serv. Ger. tribes who take over W. Roman Emp. have no concept of state as anything more than king’s prop. (FC.36) Ger. Rulers keep oppressive Roman tax system Tax evasion & revolts Revenues decline (FC.39) Land regenerates wealth in form of crops Kings must use other nobles paid w/land to drive rebels off their lands Nobles no longer need king as source of income once kings have given them land Nobles defy kings’ orders & even rebel vs. them

40. Feudal Social Order • Three Orders: Those who Prayed, Those who Fought, Those who Worked

41. Feudal Social Order • Three Orders: Those who Prayed, Those who Fought, Those who Worked • Feudal Relations: Vertical Relationships Governed by Mutual Obligation

42. Feudal Social Order • Three Orders: Those who Prayed, Those who Fought, Those who Worked • Feudal Relations: Vertical Relationships Governed by Mutual Obligation • We’ll discuss: • Political Dimension: Feudalism • Economic Dimension: Manorialism

43. Debating Feudalism

44. Debating Feudalism • Modern Term • Vague Term • Variable Term • Misleading Term

45. Debating Feudalism • Modern Term • Vague Term • Variable Term • Misleading Term • What We Can Do…

46. Feudalism: A decentralized political system where kings & nobles give vassals land for military service Know this!!!!

47. Evolution of the feudal hierarchy King The king needs armies to defend his kingdom, but has no money with which to pay them. Fief with one or more manors-> Can support at least 1 castle & enough men-at-arms to defend it = Fief & 1 small manor -> can support only 1 knight =

48. Evolution of the feudal hierarchy Fief with one or more manors-> Can support at least 1 castle & enough men-at-arms to defend it King Fief & 1 small manor -> can support only 1 knight = = Duke Duke Count Count The king divides the kingdom into 5 parts, keeping 1 for himself & giving the other 4 as fiefs to vassals, who defend their fiefs & owe him 5 knights each for 40 days a year. However, each vassal duke & count needs knights to give to the king & for his own army.

49. Evolution of the feudal hierarchy Fief with one or more manors-> Can support at least 1 castle & enough men-at-arms to defend it King Fief & 1 small manor -> can support only 1 knight = = Duke Duke Count Count Therefore, they each subinfeudate (subdivide) their respective lands into 5 parts, keeping one to live on and giving the other 4 as fiefs to rear vassals who owe their lords 3 knights each for 40 days a year for his wars.

50. Evolution of the feudal hierarchy Fief with one or more manors-> Can support at least 1 castle & enough men-at-arms to defend it King Fief & 1 small manor -> can support only 1 knight = = Duke Duke Count Count To meet his obligations & needs each rear vassal subinfeudates his fief into 5 fiefs, each with 1 manor able to support 1 knight. He keeps one for himself & gives the other 4 to vassals who personally owe him 40 days of service a year for his wars.