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The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and is placed on the right side of the abdomen, right below the diaphragm.<br>A healthy functioning liver is very critical for a healthy life because a liver performs various vital functions.<br>When this essential organ of the body becomes diseased or severely compromised, a transplant may be required. A liver transplant is a surgical procedure aims to replace the diseased liver with a healthy liver from another person u2013 known as a donor. A diseased liver is a liver that does not function properly. In a liver transplant, a part of the liver or the whole liver can be replaced, depending on the condition of the liver of the patient requiring the transplant.<br>
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INTRODUCTION The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and is placed on the right side of the abdomen, right below the diaphragm. A healthy functioning liver is very critical for a healthy life because a liver performs various vital functions. When this essential organ of the body becomes diseased or severely compromised, a transplant may be required. A liver transplant is a surgical procedure aims to replace the diseased liver with a healthy liver from another person – known as a donor. A diseased liver is a liver that does not function properly. In a liver transplant, a part of the liver or the whole liver can be replaced, depending on the condition of the liver of the patient requiring the transplant.
Reasons of a liver transplant • Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C • Excessive consumption of alcohol • Excessive consumption of tobacco products • Non-alcoholic fatty liver problem that creates masses of fat in the liver leading to damage • Wilson’s disease that leads to accumulation of copper in the liver • Genetic problem such as hemochromatosis that leads to build-up of iron in the liver • Bile duct conditions such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing and biliary atresia
Risks involved in a liver transplant • Bleeding • Blood clots • Rejection of the donor liver • Failure of the donor heart • Infection • Leakage from bile ducts • Shrinking of bile ducts • Seizures • Confusion
Procedure of a liver transplant Before the procedure the doctor will conduct some tests to assess the overall health of the patient. No matter whether the patient is waiting for a liver or has the surgery already scheduled, it is critical for the patient to stay healthy and be ready for the transplant surgery. All medications need to be taken regularly, a healthy diet needs to be followed, all medical check-ups and appointment should be taken, and the patient should stay reasonable active. Once the liver is available or the surgery, the patient will be admitted to the hospital and an examination to assess the overall health of the patient will be done. When cleared, the patient is given general anaesthesia and sedated before beginning the surgery. Then the surgeon makes a long incision across the abdomen to access the liver and remove the deceased liver while replacing it with a donor liver in the body. Once the donor liver is placed properly, the surgeon then connects the blood vessels and bile ducts to the new liver. Post this, staples and stitches are used to close the incision and then the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit for follow-up and recovery. A liver transplant surgery can take up to 12 hours or more depending on the condition of the patient. In case of a living donor operation, the surgeon first removes the liver from the donor and then performs the surgery on the patient similar to that of a deceased donor liver transplant surgery.
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