1 / 11

Models of Acids and Bases

Models of Acids and Bases. Arrhenius Model. Swedish chemist: Svante Arrhenius 1883 Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

mei
Télécharger la présentation

Models of Acids and Bases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Models of Acids and Bases

  2. Arrhenius Model • Swedish chemist: Svante Arrhenius • 1883 • Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution • Bases are substances that contain hydroxide group and dissociates to produce hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

  3. In Chemistry Terms HCl (g) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  4. Limitations • The Arrhenius model does not explain how ammonia (NH3) is a base • Does not contain hydroxide group, yet produces OH- ions in an aqueous solution NH3(s) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  5. Brønsted-Lowry Model • Danish chemist Johannes Brønsted • English chemist Thomas Lowry • Independently worked on a more comprehensive definition of acids and bases • Combined their work

  6. Definitions • Acids are hydrogen ion donor – able to give H+ ions • Bases are hydrogen ion acceptors – able to take H+ ions NH3(s) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  7. PracticeIdentify the acids and bases • NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) • HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) • CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) • HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq)

  8. PracticeIdentify the acids and bases 1. NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) (acid) (base) Brønsted- Lowry Model 2. HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) (acid) (base) Both 3. CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) (base) (acid) Brønsted-Lowry Model 4. HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq) (acid) (base) Both

  9. ConnectionsIdentify the reduced and oxidized compounds • NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) • HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) • CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) • HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq)

  10. ConnectionsIdentify the reduced and oxidized compounds 1. NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) Reduced Oxidized 2. HBr(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Br-(aq) Reduced Oxidized 3. CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) Oxidized Reduced 4. HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(l) + SO42-(aq) Reduced Oxidized

  11. Lewis Model • American Gilbert N. Lewis • 1923 • Redefined acids and bases using electrons • Acids accept electrons (reduced) • Bases donate electrons (oxidized)

More Related