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POLUANTI ATMOSFERICI

POLUANTI ATMOSFERICI. Prof. Dr. Carmen Postolache. Surse de emisie. Asezari umane ; Industrie ; Agricultura ; Emisii naturale. Activitati antropice-poluanti emisi. Efecte ale poluantilor atmosferici. Formarea ploilor acide Modificari climatice (smog, incalzire globala )

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POLUANTI ATMOSFERICI

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  1. POLUANTI ATMOSFERICI Prof. Dr. Carmen Postolache

  2. Surse de emisie • Asezariumane; • Industrie; • Agricultura; • Emisiinaturale

  3. Activitati antropice-poluanti emisi

  4. Efecte ale poluantilor atmosferici • Formareaploiloracide • Modificariclimatice (smog, incalzireglobala) • Efectedirecteasuprabiocenozei: producatoriprimari, producatorisecundari • Perturbareacircuitelorbiogeochimice locale/globale

  5. Ploi acide • Depuneriacide: uscatesiumede • Introducereatermenului – 1872 – publicatialuiAngus Smith “Acid rain” • Din 1960 a devenit o problemainternationala

  6. Ploi acide • Definireadepuneriloracide in functie de valoarea pH-ului H+ =NO3- + 2SO42- - NH44 + 2Ca2+

  7. Ploi acide • Formareaploiloracideimplicaprezenta in atmosfera a oxizilor de sulfsiazot • ReactiiceimplicaparticipareaSO2 • SO2 + 1/2 O2 SO3 • SO2 + HO HOSO2 • SO2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O  H2SO4 • SO2 + NO2 + H2O  H2SO4 + NO • NH3 + SO2 + H2O  NH4+ + HSO3-

  8. Ploi acide • ReactiiceimplicaparticipareaNOx • NO2 + HO HNO3 • NO + 1/2O2 NO2 • 2NO2 + H2O  HNO2 + HNO3

  9. Ploiacide • Formareaploiloracide

  10. Ploiacide • Efectul direct al ploiloracideasupravegetatiei: • - depunerileuscateafecteazaprocesul de retentie a apei de catrefrunze • mobilizeazaapa din tesuturilevegetale • depunerileumedeafecteaza direct tesuturilevegetale • mobilizeazanutrientii din sol (Ca, K, Mg) sireducprocesul de crestere a producatorilorprimari • ploilebogate in ac. azoticcrescdisponibilitatea N sireducdisponibilitateaaltornutrienti (saturare in N)

  11. Ploiacide • Efectul direct al ploiloracideasuprasolului: • - scaderea pH-uluisolului • reducereacapacitatii de tamponare a solului • mobilizarea Al din sol • inhibagerminareasicrestereasemintelortinere • sub pH 6 determinamoarteaunororganisme din sol siafecteazaprocesul de descompunere a materieiorganice

  12. Ploiacide • Efectul global: • reducereapreluariinutrientilor; afecteazaprocesul de fotosinteza, producerea de clorofila • reducereacresteriiproducatorilorprimari • reducereaabilitatii de a inflori • reducereaproductivitatiiprimare

  13. Ploiacide • Efectulploiloracideasupraecosistemeloracvatice:

  14. Ploiacide • Efectulploiloracideasupraecosistemeloracvatice: • - scaderea pH-ului • mobilizareaionilormetalicitoxici din ecosistemeleterestreadiacente • mortalitateaspeciilorsensibile • Afectareaproductieiprimaresisecundare a ecosistemeloracvatice (capacitatii productive) • Perturbareacircuitelorbiogeochimice

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