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John Ferguson NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center nwfsc.noaa

Estimated survival of juvenile salmonids through the lower Columbia River and estuary, and estimated mortality from avian predation. John Ferguson NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center www.nwfsc.noaa.gov. *R. Lynn McComas Lyle Gilbreath Thomas J. Carlson John W. Ferguson.

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John Ferguson NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center nwfsc.noaa

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  1. Estimated survival of juvenile salmonids through the lower Columbia River and estuary, and estimated mortality from avian predation John Ferguson NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center www.nwfsc.noaa.gov

  2. *R. Lynn McComas Lyle Gilbreath Thomas J. Carlson John W. Ferguson *Geoffrey A. McMichael Gary Johnson Steven G. Smith Gene M. Matthews 1. A Study to Estimate Juvenile Salmonid Survival from Bonneville Dam Through the Columbia River Estuary Using Acoustic Tags COTR: Blaine Ebberts

  3. Migration behavior and fate determination Secondary Goals • Estuary residence timing • Habitat selection NOAA • Delayed mortality • System-wide FCRPS survival using active tags NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Post Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Survival Primary Research Goal Provide rigorous estimates of juvenile salmonid survival through the lower Columbia River estuary.

  4. NOAA NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Methods: Micro-acoustic Transmitters (tags) Dimensions: 5.3 mm wide 17.0 mm long 3.5 mm high Weight: 0.62 g dry 0.35 g residual Volume: 0.38 ml Frequency: 416.7 kHz (center) Nominal tag life: 30 d @ 5 sec PRI 60 d @ 10 sec PRI Encoding: 32 bit differential phase shift (PSK) (65,536 simultaneous individual codes) 2006 2007

  5. Mean Estimated Survival from Bonneville to the mouth, 2005: Yearling Chinook: 0.69 (SE = 0.061) Subyearling Chinook: 0.50 (SE = 0.037)

  6. NOAA NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Survival estimate Yearling Chinook salmon (n = 890) Subyearling Chinook salmon (n = 1216) Release date Survival and detection probability estimates (± 95% CI) Bonneville Dam through the Columbia River estuary 2005.

  7. Mean Estimated Survival from Bonneville to the mouth, 2006: Yearling Chinook: 0.68 (SE = 0.038) Subyearling Chinook: 0.66 (SE = 0.036)

  8. NOAA NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Survival estimate Yearling Chinook salmon (n=972) Subyearling Chinook salmon (n = 1957) Release date Survival and detection probability estimates (± 95% CI) Bonneville Dam through the Columbia River estuary 2006.

  9. NOAA NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center Survival estimate Yearling Chinook salmon (n=972) Subyearling Chinook salmon (n = 1957) Release date Survival and detection probability estimates (± 95% CI) Bonneville Dam through the Camas primary array 2006.

  10. Estimated mean survival 2005 2006 FCRPS (PIT; 460 km) 0.58 0.64 Lower Granite - Bonneville Survival in lower river compared to FCRPS (yearling Chinook) Post-FPRCS (acoustic; 225 km) 0.69 0.68 Bonneville – lower CR estuary

  11. 2. Mobile tracking of acoustically tagged subyearling Chinook salmon upstream of Puget Island, 2007 PI: Lynn McComas

  12. Tag ID: 3CA2 Rel Date:6/30/07 Trk date: 7/3/07 13:58 – 15:42 133 receptions Trk Dist: 3.53 mi.

  13. Tag ID: 0109 Rel Date:6/2307 Trk date: 6/26/07 10:00 – 11:06 105 receptions Trk Dist: 0.94 mi.

  14. Tag ID: 06C6 Rel Date:6/21/07 Trk date: 6/27/07 10:49 – 11:28 100 receptions Trk Dist: 1.68 mi.

  15. 3. Estimated losses of juvenile salmon to Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the lower Columbia River (PIT tags), 2006 PIs: Brad Ryan and Dick Ledgerwood

  16. Caspian terns Cormorants

  17. PIT tag detection methods

  18. 4. 2006: Compare avian predation rates on juvenile salmonids transported to the lower Columbia River estuary and released at Astoria Bridge (rkm 10), and below Bonneville Dam at Skamania Landing (rkm 225), to test the hypothesis that releasing at rkm 10 will produce higher smolt-to-adult return rates (SARs) PIs: Doug Marsh and Bill Muir

  19. Yearling Chinook: Released at Skamania (rkm 225): 3.0% Released at Astoria (rkm 10): 0.4% Steelhead: Released at Skamania (rkm 225): 13.8% Released at Astoria (rkm 10): 1.7% Mean rate of predation of transported fish to avian predators *Need to wait for adult returns for final results (includes effects from ocean entry timing)

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