EEB 304 Lecture 2 – Plant Structures

1. EEB 304 Lecture 2 – Plant Structures

2. Optional Assignment List the continents that would be included under the designations “Old World” and “New World” Return as hard copy or send by e-mail to receive credit Due this Thursday (1/20/11)

3. Population Clock Assignment – Collect Any Hard Copies Assignment: Go to the following web site: http://opr.princeton.edu/popclock/ Record the date and time of your visit, and write down the estimate of human world population at that moment. E-mail the results, or alternatively turn in a hard copy to class. Due 1/18.

4. Animal or Plant?! The sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, captures chloroplasts from the algae on which it feeds. In addition, it has recently been shown to also have incorporated into its genome some of the genes necessary for photosynthesis to continue in these sequestered chloroplasts. True “green technology” in action to produce a solar powered animal!

5. 1. Write a brief paragraph to explain, what is a plant? Be sure to mention the life cycle 2. World population has increased dramatically in recent times. What has happened to grain production during this time? Has it increased, decreased or stayed the same? Compared to the increase in world population, is there: (a) enough; (b) large surpluses or (c) large deficits in food needed to feed everyone?

7. Height of tower: 634m

8. Plant Engineering and Design What does a plant need to do?

9. Plant Engineering and Design • What does a plant need to do? • Attachment to ground

10. Plant Engineering and Design • What does a plant need to do? • Attachment to ground • Water uptake

11. Plant Engineering and Design • What does a plant need to do? • Attachment to ground • Water uptake • Photosynthesis (food production)

12. Plant Engineering and Design • What does a plant need to do? • Attachment to ground • Water uptake • Photosynthesis (food production) • Material transport

13. Plant Engineering and Design • What does a plant need to do? • Attachment to ground • Water uptake • Photosynthesis (food production) • Material transport • Reproduction: • - pollination • - seed dispersal

14. Plant Engineering and Design Plants have a modular design: Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems See Figure 1.1, p. 5

15. Plant Engineering and Design • Plants have a modular design: • Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems • Roots See Figure 1.1, p. 5

16. Plant Engineering and Design • Plants have a modular design: • Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems • Roots • Stems See Figure 1.1, p. 5

17. Plant Engineering and Design • Plants have a modular design: • Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems • Roots • Stems • Leaves See Figure 1.1, p. 5

18. Plant Engineering and Design • Plants have a modular design: • Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Flowers (=modified stem + leaves) See Figure 1.1, p. 5

19. Plant Engineering and Design • Plants have a modular design: • Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Flowers (=modified stem + leaves) • Fruit + Seed See Figure 1.1, p. 5

20. Roots • Primary Functions: • Attachment to substrate • Water and nutrient uptake • Transport of water and food • Food storage See Figure 1.7, p. 8

21. Roots • Primary Functions: • Attachment to substrate • Water and nutrient uptake • Transport of water and food • Food storage See Figure 1.7, p. 8

22. Major Functions of Roots

23. Root Systems See Fig. 1.7, p. 8

24. Roots First See Fig. 1.6, p. 7

25. Roots First See Fig. 1.6, p. 7

26. Roots First See Fig. 1.6, p. 7

27. Mycorrhizae

28. Adventitious Roots See Fig. 1.9, p. 9

29. Big Adventitious Roots = Buttresses

30. Adventitious Roots – Used for Propagation

31. Storage Roots

32. The Shoot System • Stems

33. The Shoot System • Stems • nodes + internodes

34. The Shoot System • Stems • nodes + internodes • Leaves

35. The Shoot System • Stems • nodes + internodes • Leaves • blade + petiole

36. The Shoot System • Stems • nodes + internodes • Leaves • blade + petiole • - Buds

37. Stems – Functions • Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers • Conduction of food and water

38. Stems – Functions • Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers • Conduction of food and water • Design Constraints: • Growth, from point source • Cellular composition

39. Stems – Functions • Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers • Conduction of food and water • Design Constraints: • Growth, from point source • Cellular composition • Result: Mostly cylindrical structures and substructures

40. Stem – Cylindrical Structure See Fig. 1.10, p. 9

41. Stem – Cylindrical Structure Vascular Bundle Pith See Fig. 1.10, p. 9

42. Specialized Stems See Fig. 1.11, p. 10

43. Leaves - Functions • Food production (Photosynthesis)

44. Leaves - Functions • Food production (Photosynthesis) • - Light absorption • - Gas exchanges • - Food and nutrient transport

45. Leaves - Functions • Food production (Photosynthesis) • - Light absorption • - Gas exchanges • - Food and nutrient transport • 2. Specialized functions in some plants

46. Leaf – Structure See Fig. 1.13, p. 12

47. Leaf – Structure See Fig. 1.13, p. 12

48. Thursday Class • Plant Manipulation • Plant Names • Read Chapter 1, pages 21-39