Enforcing plant quarantines on retail nursery stock

1. WSDA Spring Quarantine Review Enforcing plant quarantines on retail nursery stock

2. It’s Spring! Focus on- • Box Stores and retail nurseries bringing in stock from other states • Did they send notification of incoming stock? • Are required inspection certificates available? • Do regulated plants meet WSDA Quarantines?

3. Retail Nursery Checklist • Check Master License for Nursery endorsement/expiration date. • Deliver fist-full of pamphlets • Confirm not shipping plants out of state. • Identify stock from out of state sources. • Issue FIR.

4. FREEDOM FROM INFESTATION-RCW 17.24 ALL Plants for sale must be- • Free of quarantine pests • Free of pests that would be harmful if allowed to become established • Practically free of plant pests- 2% infestation level or in an amount expected to result from good cultural practices

5. What plants are subject to our Notification Rule?

6. What plants are subject to our Notification Rule? • All woody nursery stock from ‘out-of-state’ sources • Trees, shrubs and vines (not bedding plants, herbaceous perennials) • Seeds and tissue culture plantlets exempt • Did the inspector receive notification? • If not, give them brochure, write FIR violation for WAC 16-402.

7. Are Required Inspection Certificates Available? • Every plant shipment must be accompanied by a certificate of inspection from origin stating it meets our quarantines (RCW 15.13.400) • If no certificate is available, issue FIR violation and place plants on hold until paperwork is obtained. Then determine compliance with quarantines.

8. Do regulated Plants Meet WSDA Quarantines? • SPRING FOCUS IS ON: • Blueberry Scorch Virus, WAC 16-489 • Grape Virus & Insects, WAC 16-481&483 • Hop Diseases, WAC 16-497 • Purple Nutsedge, WAC 16-752 • Japanese Beetle, WAC 16-470 • Barberry/Black Stem Rust, WAC 16-472 • Federal P. ramorum Certification

9. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489: Blueberry Scorch Virus All Vacciniumcorymbosum & V. macrocarpon planted, sold, offered for sale or transported within the state must be demonstrated free of blueberry scorch virus by meeting at least one of the following conditions: (a) They must originate from a pest free area; -stated on phyto from origin      (b) They are certified in accordance with the regulations of an official certification program in the state of origin that includes testing and inspection for blueberry viruses and is approved by the director;

10. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489: Blueberry Scorch Virus OR, (c) They are shown to be free of blueberry scorch virus, based on an official laboratory test using a protocol approved by the director; OR (d) They are micropropagated and/or grown in an insect-proof greenhouse or screenhouse and originate from mother plants that have been tested and found free of blueberry scorch virus.

11. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489: Blueberry Scorch Virus • Persons importing regulated articles into the state must obtain a phytosanitary certificate from the place of origin verifying that one of these conditions has been met. A copy of the phytosanitary certificate must accompany the shipment. • Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or returned out-of-state. What if blueberry plants are not certified?

12. 2011-12 WA Nurseries Tested Blueberry Scorch Virus Free • Aldrich Berry Farm, Mossyrock • Briggs Nursery, Elma • J.R.T. Nurseries, Inc, Lynden • M & G Farms, Inc, Sumas • Mountain Shadow Nursery, Olympia • Van Klaveren’s Nursery, Lake Stevens • Bryant Blueberry Farm, Arlington • Vibrant Plants, Woodinville • DeWildes’ Wholesale, Lynden • Plants of the Wild, Tekoa

13. 2011-12 OREGON Nurseries Tested BlSV Free • A&R Spada, St. Paul OR • BFN Operations LLC, Cornelius OR • Chick-A-Dee Gardens Nursery, Sherwood OR • Corneliussen’s Nursery, Gervais OR • Eshraghi Nursery, Hillsboro OR • Fall Creek Farm & Nursery, Lowell OR • Leo Gentry Wholesale, Gresham OR • Kraemer’s Nursery, Mt. Angel OR • Loen Nursery, Woodburn OR • Monrovia Nursery, Dayton OR

14. 2011-12 OREGON Nurseries Tested BlSV Free (continued) • Norris Farm, Roseburg OR • North American Plants, McMinnville OR • Oregon Blueberry Farms, Silverton OR • Pleasant Hill Nursery, Pleasant Hill OR • St. Christopher Nursery, Gervais OR • Schielder Family Nursery, Gervais OR • Territorial Seed Company, Cottage Grove OR • Week’s Berry Farm, Keizer OR • Woodburn Nursery & Azalea, Woodburn OR • Youngblood Nursery, Keizer OR

15. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-483: Grape Viruses Grape planting stock (Vitis spp.) will be admitted into the state of Washington provided that: • Virus Certified: The stock has been certified under an official grapevine certification program that includes inspection and testing for fanleaf, leafroll and corky bark virus diseases. • An official certificate or tag issued by the state of origin certifying that the grapevines meet the requirements of this chapter must accompany the grape planting stock into the state.

16. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-483: Grape Viruses • Prior Notification: Persons shipping grape planting stock into this state shall notify the department by mail or fax prior to shipment. • Hold Requirement: The person to whom the articles are shipped shall hold the articles until the grape planting stock is inspected and/or released by the department. • Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or returned out-of-state

17. What states Can meet our Grape Virus quarantine? • Currently, only Washington, Oregon and California have grapevine certification programs that meet the WSDA virus quarantine. • A list of all virus certification participants in OR, WA & California is maintained by the NW Grape Foundation Service at http://nwgfs.wsu.edu/certified.html

18. This is really important! • 2009 shipments from New York and Arkansas were found infected with Grapevine Leafroll Virus 3 • Ornamental purple leaf grape also carries these viruses- • Look for Vitis vinifera purpurea In retail nurseries

19. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-481: Grape Insect pests • This phylloxera/grape mealybug Q does apply to WA grown grapevines too, so all plants you find for sale should be inspected for mealy bug and phylloxera. • Plants from out-of-state must be certified free of phylloxera/mealybug with a phyto. • Hardwood cuttings & dried decorative vines are exempt. • Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or returned out-of-state

20. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-497: Hop Diseases • Plants and all parts (except the kiln dried cones) of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) from outside WA State are regulated for diseases • Imports for experimental use by USDA/WSU are exempt • Must be from a certification program with a phyto stating they are free of Verticillium Wilt, Powdery Mildew, Hop Stunt Viroid, Ilar viruses and arabis mosaic viruses.

21. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-497: Hop Diseases • Prior Notification & Hold Requirements apply • Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or returned out-of-state • Look for ornamental golden hops in nurseries (Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’)

22. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700: Purple Nutsedge • Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a highly invasive perennial weed, considered very serious in agronomic crops. It propagates by seed, rhizomes, bulbs and nutlets.

23. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700: Purple Nutsedge • Nursery stock, turf, and soil with plants is regulated from states of: • Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia

24. WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700: Purple Nutsedge • Requires certificate of inspection stating that the regulated articles “have been inspected and found free of purple nutsedge and its plant parts, seeds, rhizomes, bulbs and nutlets.” • The California shipping inspection sticker/permit covers purple nutsedge requirements.

25. Other major Quarantines:Japanese BeetleBlack Stem Rust/BarberryFederal SOD RuleKeep Updated Lists in Your Nursery Inspection Manual

26. Japanese Beetle WAC 16-470Regulated Articles Soil, compost, and manure (except when commercially packaged); Grass Sod All plants & bulbs with roots (except bare root plants free from all soil)

27. JB WAC 16-470 Conditions of Movement Regulated area:most states E. of The Rockies (including CO) & DC. Shipping Requirements: -Phyto with accepted AD, & Prior notification, or -Ship under WSDA issued state permit

28. JB WAC 16-470 Conditions of Movement • Unless shipped under a state permit, Receiver must hold the shipment until inspected and released by WSDA! • Privately Owned Houseplants are OK if grown indoors and inspected by WSDA

29. JB Shipping PermitsWSDA has current shipping permits with fifteen regulated states PERMIT FOR SHIPMENT OF NURSERY STOCK NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON – PERMIT NO. JB 09-03

30. States with JB Shipping Permits • Connecticut JB-09-09 • Delaware JB-09-08 • Indiana JB-09-17 • Maine JB-09-14 • Maryland JB-09-16 • Michigan JB-09-04 • Missouri JB-09-20 • Georgia JB-10-15 • Nebraska JB-09-11 • New York JB-09-03 • Ohio JB-09-06 • Pensylvania JB-09-02 • Tennessee JB-09-01 • Virginia JB-09-19 • Wisconsin JB-09-18

31. Provisions of Permit Agreement • -Meets JB Harm. Plan or is bare root • -Commercial nursery stock still requires pre-notification to WSDA, but don’t need to hold upon arrival. • -Mail Order (retail) shippers report all shipments made, quarterly • -Shipped with permit stamp or phyto-

32. Black Stem Rust Q: WAC 16-472 • No person who is or should be licensed as a nursery dealer may sell, offer for sale, ship or grow any rust susceptible variety of barberry or related Berberis, Mahonia, and Mahoberberis species, as defined in USDA 7 C.F.R. 301.38-2.

33. USDA Rust Resistant List • Our quarantine uses the same list of resistant varieties as USDA. • all others prohibited in entire state • Updated List at- http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/barberry/downloads/7cfr301-38-11.pdf

34. Black Stem Rust Q: WAC 16-472 • All intrastate and interstate shipments of Berberis, Mahonia or Mahoberberis plants, seeds, or parts capable of propagation must be plainly labeled with botanical species or horticultural variety. • Any plants in violation are subject to destruction or shipment out-of-state.

35. Chestnut Q WAC 16-470 • All plant parts of chestnut (Castanea spp.) and chinquapin (Castanopsis spp.) are regulated from all states. • Can enter with certificate of origin from Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Utah

36. Chestnut Q WAC 16-470 • From all other states, must have certificate that chestnut bark disease, large chestnut weevil, small chestnut weevil, nut curculio, and oriental chestnut gall wasp are not known to occur within the production area of the origin state.OR MUST BE TREATED

37. Prunus Virus Quarantines WAC 16-487 • Prohibits uncertified Prunus plants and symptomless carriers. • Q’s don’t regulate stock from Oregon or California (our biggest sources).