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Presented by Sandra Cruz-Pol, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering UPRM CASA PI

CASA an NSF ERC. Presented by Sandra Cruz-Pol, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering UPRM CASA PI Aug 9, 2006 ONR Visit to UPRM. “There is insufficient knowledge about what is actually happening (or is likely to happen) at the Earth’s surface where people live.” [NRC 1998].

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Presented by Sandra Cruz-Pol, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering UPRM CASA PI

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  1. CASA an NSF ERC Presented by Sandra Cruz-Pol, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering UPRM CASA PI Aug 9, 2006 ONR Visit to UPRM

  2. “There is insufficient knowledge about what is actually happening (or is likely to happen) at theEarth’s surface where people live.” [NRC 1998]

  3. CASA: dense networks of low power radars 10,000 ft 3.05 km snow wind 3.05 km tornado earth surface 0 40 120 160 200 80 240 RANGE (km) Colorado State University Commonwealth of Massachusetts IBM Mount Holyoke College National Science Foundation NOAA/National Weather Service Oklahoma Climatological Survey OneNet Raytheon Company Rice University Texas Medical Center University of Delaware University of Massachusetts University of Oklahoma University of Puerto Rico University of Virginia Viasala Vieux and Associates • Year 3 of a 10 year program • Initial 5 year investment $42 M • (includes $17M Engineering Research Center grant from NSF) • $6-7M per year annual cash budget • Critical site visit review April 2006 in MA

  4. Today’s Radar Networks 10,000 ft 3.05 km snow wind tornado earth surface Horz. Scale: 1” = 50 km Vert. Scale: 1” -=- 2 km Coverage at different heights 0 40 120 160 200 80 240 RANGE (km) > 3 km - 100% gap 2 km - 67% 1 km - 33% “Keyhole” Coverage 500 m - 11% 4 km 2 km 1 km 5.4 km Comprehensive Coverage > 3 km

  5. # Sensors Required for US Nation-Wide Coverage NetRad - @TG NetRad -OTG 300 m floor 3 km floor

  6. Projects IP1, IP2, IP3 Rain mapping, distributed hydro. modeling, flood predicting & response in urban zone. IP1 Wind mapping (100’s m resolution, 10’s second update) for detecting, pinpointing, forecasting wind events; 30 km node spacing. IP2 Rain, Urban Flooding (Houston) Wind, storm prediction (Oklahoma) IP3 Rain, mountainous terrain (Puerto Rico – student led) Off-the-Grid Radar Network for QPE over complex terrain, student-led project

  7. Project IP1 - Initial 4-Node Test Bed • Annual storm climatology for 7,000 sq km test bed region: • 4 tornado warnings (2 touchdowns) • 50 thunderstorms

  8. User Driven System Design • Users: NWS Forecast Office, Emergency Managers, & atmospheric scientists will use the Oklahoma test bed • Severe weather [severe thunder storms, hail, and tornados] impacts 90% of EMs in Oklahoma. • Tornado Pinpointing cited by EMs as important for managing deployment and protection of first responders. • Tornado Anticipation cited by NWS and EMs as most important for increasing lead time. • All users cited morefrequent updates of radar data as a critical need. • There is a need for lower troposphere, high resolution data for detecting: convergence lines, gust fronts, straight line winds. Sources: Structured surveys (N=72) of Oklahoma Emergency Managers; In-Depth Interviews (N=37) of EMs and NWS using snowball sampling and content analysis to extract information; test bed user group.

  9. NEXRAD > 3 km covered by current technology 3 km NEXRAD: Map winds, rain above 3 km (10,000’)

  10. NetRad System “underneath” NEXRAD 3 km 25 km NetRad IP1 Goal: Map winds below 3 km with 500 m resolution Water spout at Mayaguez, PR- Sept 2005

  11. NetRad Elevation coverage 7 6 6 km 5 4 3 km 3 2 1 25 km Goal: IP1 - Map winds below 3 km. 2o “pencil beam” antenna yields median 500 m resolution 7 elevation beam positions scan 0-14 degrees

  12. “Cone of silence” observed by neighboring radar 7 6 5 4 3 km 3 2 1 25 km Goal: Map winds below 3 km. 7 elevation beam positions scan 0o-14o Neighbor radars map “cone of silence” above a radar. Multiple-Doppler wind measurement throughout.

  13. R1 R2 R1 configurations R2 configurations NetRad Sampling Modes Limited sector Mode Sit-and-Spin Mode Samples the Atmosphere When, Where the End-User Need is Greatest

  14. MC&C: Meteorological data command and control storage query Meteorological interface streaming Detection storage Algorithms Feature Repository 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 B G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 C G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 D G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 E G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 F G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 H R1 R1 R2 R2 R1 G3 C2 G3 G3 F 2,H2 R1 G3 C2 G3 G3 R1 I R1 F 1 F 2, J R1 H1 , F1 H1 , F1 T 2,R1 R1 G3 C2 G3 G3 K R1 H1 T 2,H1 T 2,R1 R1 G3 G3 G3 G3 SNR policy data Resource planning, Meteorological optimization Task resource allocation Generation an end-to-end system NetRad: adaptive data pull End users: weather services, emergency response

  15. 99” (8’3”) 100” (8’4”) Prototype IP1 Radar 11x14x23 in. Elevation Scan Ball-screw linear actuator Range: - 5o to + 30o Scan: 20o/sec Azimuth Scan Mfr: Kollmorgan Scan: 120o/sec Acceleration

  16. Cyril Chickasha Rush Springs Lawton Tour of the IP1 Sites • Avg. Separation 25.3 km • Coverage 6947 km2 • 98% coverage below NEXRAD • 41% coverage is dual-Doppler (2850 km2) • 25% coverage below 250 m • Avg. AGL NetRad – 364 m • Avg. AGL NEXRAD – 1000 m

  17. NetRad – prototype Where are we now? • IP1 Project: End-to-End DCAS network of 4 rapid scan radar nodes. • 2 pol magnetron Radars cost $200k in parts; replacement cost insurance coverage was $1.5 M for 4 radars during shipment to OK. • Custom towers & tower-top positions to host radars. • Infrastructure: • Weight: 1,500# • Site: tower top • HVAC, radome • Ethernet, fiber, 802.11 access to node • Software: closed-loop, MC&C, policy mechanism but no decision-based policy as yet. Est. $500k to buy & install these radars

  18. IP3: Student Led Test Bed in Puerto Rico :The Off-the-Grid Network

  19. IP3: Student Led TestBed in Puerto Rico The Off-the-Grid Network 2-D video disdrometer deployed at SJ –NWS and at UPRM to characterize rain statistics during normal rain and T.S. Jeanne and Frances R-Z relation cal

  20. Puerto Rico Testbed IP3 • Update:1st radar is here http://casa.ece.uprm.edu *Recent interest from Argentina

  21. Weather Research and Tracking (“WeatherRats” K12 Initiative)

  22. CASA’s Vision Revolutionize our ability to observe, understand, predict and respond to weather hazards by creating DCAS networks that  sample the atmosphere where and when end-user needs are greatest. touching people’s lives... … saving lives/property, reducing vulnerability, providing economic benefits through improved warning and response to hazards … diverse education, outreach … industrial opportunities, commercial development

  23. Plans for next 5 years Goal: System build-out beyond 4 nodes. OK System Test-Bed IP5 - 2nd Gen. NetRad System Technology Goals: escan panel radars; bistatic, Fabry MA Technology Test-Bed (and PR Tech Test-Bed) IP4 - CLEAR PR Technology Test-Bed Goal: QPE in irregular terrain; minimal infrastructure system; energy balance; education IP3 – OTG/Complex Terrain FR Technology Test-Bed Goal: QPE, closed DCAS loop via hydro models; reduce infra. costs IP2 – Rain & Urban Flooding OK System Test-Bed Goal: 1st end-to-end system; use rapid mscan to quantify value of DCAS (ie, extra 10 dB) IP1 – Wind and storm prediction 1/09 1/10 1/11 1/12 1/13 1/03 1/04 1/05 1/06 1/07 1/08

  24. We are open to collaboration Mi CASA es tu CASA

  25. Contacts • Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol- Microwave Remote Sensing and atmospheric attenuation • Dr. José Colom – Microwave Radars & Circuits • Dr. Rafael Rodríguez – Microwave Antennas • Dr. Wilson Rivera- Wireless networks • Dr. Walter Díaz – Social Sciences • Dr. Mario Ierkic – Atmospheric phenomena • Dr. Héctor Monroy – EM propagation • Dr. Lionel Orama – Power All emails & webs are on http://ece.uprm.edu

  26. Very Low Cost Phased Array Radars - Semiconductor Cost Si wafer mask design & setup $80k $30k 100 Radar Buildout Semiconductor Cost: $8M GaAs vs. $3M Si

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