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„Education and Gender in Norway“

„Education and Gender in Norway“. HERBERT ZOGLOWEK, University in Tromsø - Norwegian Arctic University. „ Norway is usually seen as a virtual forerunner and exemplary on the front of ‚ gender equality ‘ “ „Gender equality is no longer the big issue …“. Gender in Norwegian Society.

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„Education and Gender in Norway“

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  1. „Education and Gender in Norway“ HERBERT ZOGLOWEK, University in Tromsø - Norwegian Arctic University

  2. „Norwayisusuallyseenas a virtualforerunnerandexemplary on the front of ‚genderequality‘ “„Gender equalityisnolongerthebigissue…“

  3. Gender in Norwegian Society 1860 – Womenwereallowed to work in school 1913 – Womenreceivedthe general right to vote 1976 – Womenwereofficiallyallowed to play soccerwithinthe NFA 1978 – Norway appointed as the first country an EqualityAttorney (Ombudswoman) – Act on genderequality 1993 – First femalebishop in Norway

  4. Gender in Norwegian Society • Sincethe 80s theproportionoffemal ministers was and is about 50 % • Women has joined up with men in variouspositions in workinglife but • Women still earn 15% less than men • Women still takecareofchild and womenalmostexclusivelytakethe legal parental leave

  5. Act on gender equality(9. Juni 1978) The same opportunities for both sexes in society, in the family, in education and in professional work are expressly highlighted. In addition it is particularly emphasized that this law is aimed to improve the position of women in society.

  6. Educationact and syllabus 1732 – First EducationAct 1827 – New EducationAct 1959 – First commonEducationAct 1969 – Extensionofcompulsaryeducation atten- dancetillnineyear: the same education for all 1974 – Syllabus: Genderequality as a content 1987 – Syllabus: Ideaofgenderequality as an educationprinciple 1996 – Actionplan ”Genderequality in School”

  7. Action plan ”Genderequality in School” • Equalityconducivelearningatmosphere • Gender balance on choiceofsubjectandprofession • Equilibrium in teacherstaff • Development ofgenderidentity in primaryschool • Differencesatmarksand grades • Differencesatearlyschoolleaving • Genderspecificbullyingand sexual victimization

  8. Prioritizationofobjectivesin primaryschool(Støren, u.a. 2010)

  9. What are the gender-related projects / priorities that have been worked on in the past year? (in %) (Støren, u.a. 2010)

  10. Women bastion School Primary Secondary School School • Head mistress 52 % 36,5 % • Positionen of leadership 63 % 47 % • Women teacher 73 % 48,6 %

  11. “The biggest danger to equality is the myth that we have it” (Yssen, 2010).

  12. Kroppsøving – Physical Education Boys Girls > 1920 militarygymnastics - - - < 1920 Militarygymnasticsdancegymnastics < 1950 Games and Games and physicaleducationconviviality 1964 first commonschoolbook < 1987 Sports, health, lifestyle, friluftsliv

  13. 1978 – ErsteFussballmeisterschaft der Frauen 1979 – Gleichstellungsombud - KeineGeschlechterdiskriminierung in der Reklame 1980 – ÄnderungimGesetzzurNamensgebung 1981 – G.H. Brundtland 1 weiblicheMinisterpräsidentinundParteinführerin 1983 – Frauen dürfenzumWehrdienst - AP: Quotenregelung: 40% Frauen in allenParteiorganen, incl. Regierung 1984 – Grete Waitz gewinnt die ersteolympischeGoldmedailleimMarathonlauf 1987 – das ”Babyjahr” wird von 18 auf 42 Monateerhöht 1988 – Alle öffentlichenOrgane sollen 40% Frauen haben 1990 – GrundgesetzänderungzugunstenweiblicherThronfolge 1991 – NeuesScheidungsgesetz 1992 – Erziehungsarbeitergibt pro Jahr 3 Pensionspunkte 1993 – Mehrweibliche als männliche Studenten legen dasStaatsexamen ab (51%) 1994 – Einführungdes ”Vaterjahres” 4 WochendesBabyjahresdarf der Vater nehmen – GesetzzumSchutzgegen mobbing undsexuelleÜbergriffe am Arbeitsplatz - Liv Arnesen geht als 1.Frau alleinmitSkiernzumSüdpol 1999 – Eldbjørg Løwer ersteweiblicheVerteidigungsministerin

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