Life At The Turn Of The 20 th Century

1. Life At The Turn Of The 20th Century US History Mr. Basich

2. Section 1: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Describe the impact of technological advances on turn of the century urban planning. • 2. Summarize turn of the century communication innovations.

3. Section 1: Science and Urban Life Main Idea: Advances in science and technology helped solve urban problems, including overcrowding. Why it Matters Now: American cities continue to depend on the results of scientific and technological research. Key Terms: Central Park Key Names: Orville and Wilbur Wright George Eastman

4. 20 This is how I feel today: • Great • Good • Average • Not so good • Horrible

5. Science and Urban Life: • By the turn of the 20th century, four out of ten Americans lived in cities • New Inventions and innovations began to emerge to make life easier in the city • Subways, skyscrapers, electric streetcars, bridges, and parks all made life easier in the cities • New printing techniques (double sided) allowed more people to have access to the newspaper – literacy went up

7. Central Park • Central Park - made up of 840 acres of land in the middle of New York City • Designed to be a relaxing place in the center of a busy city. • The park took many years to construct but is still used today by millions of people each day!

9. :20 Why is Central Park important to the residents of New York City? • It offers them a place to “get away from it all” • It conserves the land in the center of the city • It is much different than the area that surrounds it • All of the above are true

10. Photography Explosion: • George Eastman introduced his Kodak Camera – a lightweight easy to use device • The $25 camera came with 100-picture roll of film • Everyday people could now take pictures, not just professionals 1888 Kodak Camera

11. Airplanes: • In the early 20th century, brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright, experimented with engines and aircrafts • On December 17, 1903 they flew their plane for 12 seconds covering 120 feet • Within two years the brothers were making 30 minute flights • By 1920, the U.S. was using airmail flights regularly

12. The Wright Brothers get it….Right

13. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Describe the impact of technological advances on turn of the century urban planning. • 2. Summarize turn of the century communication innovations.

14. Section 2: Objectives: • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Analyze the expansion of public education at the turn of the 20th century. • 2. Describe the growth of higher education.

15. Section 2: Expanding Public Education: Main Idea: Reforms in public education led to a rise in national literacy and the promotion of public education. Why it Matters Now: The public education system is the foundation of the democratic ideals of American society. Key Names: Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Dubois

16. Expanding Public Education: • States passed laws requiring 3 - 4 months of education for students ages 8-14 • Do you think 3-4 months of school is enough? • New schools were built to accommodate all the students • Regular and Vocational schools were built

17. Turn and Talk: Discussion • Please discuss the following questions with a partner: • Why do you think that school reform became an issue during this time period? • Do you think it is a good idea to offer a vocational program in schools (like Auburn)? Why or why not? • What do you think parents thought about their children being “forced” to go to school?

18. Expanding Higher Education: • Before 1900, only 3% of people went to college • Between 1880 and 1920 college enrollments more than quadrupled • Most of these students were white males • African Americans were mostly excluded from secondary education

19. African American Universities Formed: • After the Civil War, thousands of African Americans pursued higher education – even though white schools wouldn’t admit them • Booker T. Washington – believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor/educational skills and proved their value to society • W.E.B. Dubois – founded the Niagara Movement which sought liberal arts educations for all blacks Booker T. Washington

21. Turn and Talk: • How might the economy and culture of the United States have been different without the expansion of public schools?

22. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Analyze the expansion of public education at the turn of the 20th century. • 2. Describe the growth of higher education.

23. Section 3 Objectives: • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Trace the historical underpinnings of legalized segregation and the African American struggle against racism in the United States. • 2. Summarize the turn of the 20th Century race relations in the North and the South.

24. Section 3: Segregation and Discrimination: Main Idea: African Americans led the fight against voting restrictions and Jim Crow laws. Why it Matters Now: Today, African Americans have the legacy of a century long battle to civil rights. Key Terms: Poll Tax Grandfather Clause Segregation Jim Crow Laws Debt Peonage Key Terms / Cases: Plessy vs. Ferguson Lynching

25. Section 3: Segregation and Discrimination: • By the turn of the 20th century, Southern States had adopted a broad system of legal discrimination • Blacks had to deal with voting restrictions, Jim Crow laws, Supreme Court set-backs, and physical violence

26. Voting Restrictions: • All Southern states imposed new voting restrictions and denied legal equality to African Americans • Some states limited the vote to those who could read, other states had a poll tax which had to be paid prior to voting • Do you think people should have to pass a test in order to be able to vote?

27. More Voting Restrictions: • Since there were some white men that couldn’t pass the simple literacy test, a Grandfather Clause was created. • Grandfather Clause – Men were allowed to vote if he, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867. • Blacks couldn’t vote before 1867!!!

28. Jim Crow Laws: • Southern states passed Segregation Laws - separated white and black people in public and private facilities • These laws came to be known as “Jim Crow Laws” - Racial segregation in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems throughout the South

29. Plessy vs. Ferguson: • In 1896, in Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court ruled that the segregation of races was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment • “Separate but equal” • This decision legalized racial segregation for almost 60 years. • Turn and Talk – Can “separate but equal” work?

31. Violence: • African Americans who did not follow the racial “etiquette” could face severe punishment or death • Between 1882-1892, more than 1,400 black men and women were shot, burned, or lynched • Lynching - illegal executions involving: • 1. Beating to death • 2. Burning to death • 3. Hanging to death

32. Did We Meet Our Objectives? • Can You: • 1. Trace the historical underpinnings of legalized segregation and the African American struggle against racism in the United States. • 2. Summarize the turn of the 20th Century race relations in the North and the South.