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New Psychoactive Substances (Legal Highs)

New Psychoactive Substances (Legal Highs). A Brief Insight By Leigh Westmore. New Psychoactive Substances. Legal Highs Designer Drugs (70’s) Synthetic drugs “mimic known drugs”

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New Psychoactive Substances (Legal Highs)

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  1. New Psychoactive Substances(Legal Highs) A Brief Insight By Leigh Westmore

  2. New Psychoactive Substances • Legal Highs • Designer Drugs (70’s) • Synthetic drugs “mimic known drugs” • Possible long term physiological health implications. Chemical have little or no known human and/or animal research.

  3. Types of Substances • Solids in the form of pills (pellets if legal), Powders, capsules. Synthetic Technologically made. – Ethylphenidate and Methiopropramine • Gas – Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas) • Liquid – Amyl Nitrate • Herbal from plants seeds such as Kratom, Salvia, Fly Agaric, San Pedro cactus) • Animal – cane toad “Bufotenin” similar to 5-meo-dmt • Electronic- Brainwave Entrainment. Hemispheric Synchronization (binaural beats)

  4. HISTORY Alexander Shuglin 2cx Dox 3cx Tryptamines Search For the new Ecstacy

  5. OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT David E. Nichols NBOMe Ralf Heim PHd 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine NBOMe-2ci class a june NBF NBOH can degrade? NBMD

  6. John W. Huffman JWH – Spice & k2 “It bothers me that people are so stupid as to use this stuff” "I figured once it got started in Germany it was going to spread. As JWH-018 is more potent and easy to make, Huffman believes it is a more widely used synthetic cannabinoid of the JWH series. 450 synthetic cannabinoids

  7. Alexandros Makriyannis – AM series (MAM – Methyl group) MAM-2201 Black Mamba Hebrew University – HU series Cannaboid Receptor Drug by Pfizer – CP Series AB-FUBINACA AB-PINACA PF-03550096 THJ-2201Cannabinoid legal atm.. Big Medical Research ongoing

  8. MOLECULE COMPARISON

  9. CATHINONES

  10. When are they actually legal? • They are not controlled under the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act • They are not licensed – Alcohol, Nicotine not a legal high • Not covered by the medicines act – trimethylxanthine (Zanadoo) • Research “pellet” or chemical • Term is Misleading “68 deaths”?? • PMMA/PMA and or GBL – Easier synth.

  11. Current Legislation • TCDO. Temporary Class Drug Order • Temporary 12 month ban Making it illegal to sell or produce • Recent additions are the NBOMEs, MXE, BENZOFURANS. • MXE ceased to be covered by the temporary prohibition on 26 February 2013, when it became classified as a Class B drug • Huge amount of pre-ban purchases.

  12. WHAT IS AVAILABLE? • Research chemical collector item. • BROMODOL4-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohexanol

  13. SMARTSHOP

  14. SMARTSHOP

  15. SMARTSHOP

  16. SILKROAD

  17. DRUG TSUNAMI • It is really beginning to feel like, especially in the UK, Pandora's box wasn't opened, the lid was ripped off, and this time, even hope escaped. • Newly Emerging compounds emerging every week • Analogues of analogues

  18. EMCDDA • The EMCDDA is increasingly active in monitoring new psychoactive substances which may pose health and social risks to our societies. • A new psychoactive substance is defined as 'a new narcotic or psychotropic drug, in pure form or in preparation, that is not controlled by the United Nations drug conventions, but which may pose a public health threat comparable to that posed by substances listed in these conventions'.  • Early warning system on NPS – Risk assessments on all NPS.

  19. WEDINOS • USERS can send in samples for confidential analysis. • Can safely ascertain compound and do subsequent research websites such as erowid.

  20. Future legislation • “We conclude that there is currently and epidemic of psychoactive substances and it is highly likely that new psychoactive substances will to continue to increase in the future unless immediate action is taken…” • ACPO parliamentary report 2013 • Home Office crime prevention minister, Norman Baker, said he "strongly disputes"' the EU claim that 20% of legal highs have "legitimate commercial and industrial uses". – UK want opt out Emcdda

  21. The future • “ The brain….uses about 500, maybe more, different indigenous materials. It is very likely that any one of these will have 10 to 1000 different analogues so there is no shortage of material to explore…. “ Dr Zee

  22. Question and Answer • All

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