a • t → a t a • d → a d a • s → a s a • x → a x a • m → a m

2. a • t → at a • d → ad a • s → as a • x → ax a • m → am a • n → an

3. a • t →at

4. a • t →at c • at → cat

5. a • t →at c • at → cat s • at → sat

6. a • t →at c • at → cat s • at → sat f • at → fat

7. a • t →at c • at → cat s • at → sat f • at → fat r • at → rat

8. a • t →at c • at → cat s • at → sat f • at → fat r • at → rat th• at → that

9. a • d →ad

10. a • d →ad d • ad → dad

11. a • d →ad d • ad → dad h • ad → had

12. a • d →ad d • ad → dad h • ad → had b • ad → bad

13. a • d →ad d • ad → dad h • ad → had b • ad → bad s • ad → sad

14. Spell:

15. Spell: cat

16. Spell: cat

17. Spell: rat cat

18. Let’s chant! a cat a fat cat a rat a sad rat

19. Let’s chant! A fat cat sat on a sad rat.

20. a • n →an

21. a • n →an c • an → can

22. a • n →an c • an → can m • an → man

23. a • n →an c • an → can m • an → man D • an → Dan

24. a • n →an c • an → can m • an → man D • an → Dan r • an → ran

25. an • d →and

26. an • d →and b • and → band

27. an • d →and b • and → band h • and → hand

28. an • d →and b • and → band h • and → hand s • and → sand

29. an • d →and b • and → band h • and → hand s • and → sand l • and → land

30. Spell:

31. Spell: dad

32. Spell: dad

33. Spell: dad sand

34. Let’s chant! Dad and Dan Dad and Dan ran. Dad and Dan ran on sand.

35. a • m →am

36. a • m →am h • am → ham

37. a • m →am h • am → ham j • am → jam

38. a • m →am h • am → ham j • am → jam S • am → Sam

39. a • p →ap

40. a • p →ap c • ap → cap

41. a • p →ap c • ap → cap m • ap → map

42. a • p →ap c • ap → cap m • ap → map t • ap → tap

43. a • g →ag

44. a • g →ag b • ag → bag

45. a • g →ag b • ag → bag t • ag → tag

46. Spell:

47. Spell: ham

48. Spell: ham

49. Spell: ham jam

50. Spell: ham jam