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Major Issues in Community Health: Environmental Health

Major Issues in Community Health: Environmental Health. John Krezoski, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Dept. of Environ. Health, Safety and Risk Mgt. Introduction. Viewpoints Ecological Review Contemporary Management of High Standard of Living

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Major Issues in Community Health: Environmental Health

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  1. Major Issues in Community Health:Environmental Health John Krezoski, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Dept. of Environ. Health, Safety and Risk Mgt.

  2. Introduction • Viewpoints • Ecological Review • Contemporary Management of High Standard of Living • Human Impact on Environmental Resources • Atmospheric • Aquatic • Terrestrial

  3. Introduction - 2 • Other sources of Community Health Risks • Accidents • Social Interactions • Radiological • Conclusions

  4. Viewpoints • Environmentalist • Industrialist • Regulator • Government Agency • Political Agenda • Scientist • Epidemiologist • Sociologist • Ecologist • Toxicologist

  5. Elements of Environmental Health • Living systems require environmental resources for survival • Air • Water • Nutrients (Food) • Shelter • Social Interaction

  6. Elements of Environmental Health • Living systems require optimum levels of resources for survival • Air • Water • Nutrients • C, H, N, P • Trace Metals • Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe

  7. Elements of Environmental Health • Living systems are sensitive to un-needed/undesirable (harmful) resources • Volcanoes • H2S, CO2, Toxic metals, etc. • Hurricanes • H2O, Wind • Earthquakes • Industrial Pollution

  8. Elements of Environmental Health • Higher order living systems have adaptive strategies for survival • Seeking • Food • Shelter • Social interactions • Avoiding • Danger • Hazardous materials

  9. Elements of Environmental Health • Exceeding optimum useful levels of environmental resources or exposure to harmful resources causes system stress • Reduced wellness • Onset of disease • Community health problems

  10. Management of High Standards of living • Post industrial economic theory and management practices have focused on short term gains and have often overlooked or ignored long term costs • Environment receives cultural byproducts • Pollution = excessive amounts of any undesirable material

  11. Management of High Standards of living • Toxic substance = a biological or chemical agent which interferes with normal metabolic processes

  12. Atmospheric Impacts • Outdoor vs Indoor • CO2, Global Warming • VOC’s • Acid Rain • di-Benzo Furans • Cd, Ni, NOx, O3, Pb, Rn-222 • Photochemical • PCB’s • Particulates

  13. Atmospheric Impacts • Indoor Air Quality • CO2, Rn-222 • Bacteria, Molds, Fungus • Asbestos • Particulates • HVAC

  14. Aquatic Impacts • Atmospheric Inputs • Acid Rain • Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn • Oil, Coal, PCB, PAH • di-Benzp Furans • Tributary Inputs • As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg • Pesticides • Pathogens

  15. Aquatic Impacts • Groundwater • Ra-226 • Injection Wells • Landfill Seepage • Remediation • Bioaccumulation

  16. Terrestrial Impacts • Landfills (Solid Wastes) • Non-hazardous Wastes • Hazardous Wastes • Agriculture • Pesticides • Nutrients • Natural • Asbestos • Volcanoes • Actinide Ores

  17. Other Community Health Risks • Accidents • Social Interactions • Controlled • Uncontrolled • Stress • Diet • Lifestyle • Radiological • Non-Ionizing • Ionizing

  18. Conclusions • American society has one of highest standards of living in the world • We are striving to do even better • High standard has caused environmental problems • Short term gains have not been weighed against long term consequences

  19. Conclusions - 2 • “Hidden Costs” often paid for in terms of community health. • Barry Commoner: • Everything is related to everything else • Everything has to go somewhere • Nature knows best • There is no free lunch

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