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Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Handcycling with and without Electrical Stimulation

This study compares the plasma inflammation-mediating cytokine response to handcycling with and without functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked lower-limb cycling. The aim is to understand the potential therapeutic benefits of exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury.

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Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Handcycling with and without Electrical Stimulation

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  1. Inflammation-mediating cytokine response to acute handcycling exercise with/without functional electrical stimulation-evoked lower-limb cycling Thomas A. W. Paulson, MSc; Nicolette C. Bishop, PhD; Brett M. Smith, PhD; Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, PhD

  2. Aim • Compare plasma inflammation-mediating cytokine response to handcycling (HC) with and without functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked lower-limb cycling. • Relevance • Lower-limb paralysis and immobilization after spinal cord injury (SCI) result in increased relative adiposity and skeletal muscle atrophy. • Regular exercise may be therapeutic countermeasure to chronic inflammation and reduce chronic disease risk.

  3. Method • On two separate occasions, 5 recreationally active, community-based participants with motor complete paraplegia performed 30 min HC and hybrid exercise (HYB) at fixed power output. • Venous blood samples were collected at rest, immediately postexercise, 1 h postexercise (post+1), and 2 h postexercise (post+2). • Plasma interleukin (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) adrenalin, and cortisol concentrations were determined via enzyme-linked immunoassay.

  4. Results • IL-6: • Significantly elevated at post+2 in HYB only. • Small, nonsignificant increase at post+1 in HC, with concentrations significantly higher in HYB at post+2. • IL-1ra: • Unaffected. • IL-10: • Nonsignificant 1-fold increase in HYB at post+2. • Adrenaline and cortisol: • Increases immediately postexercise in HC and HYB.

  5. Conclusion • Initial findings suggest paralyzed skeletal muscle releases IL-6 in response to FES-evoked contractions. • HYB (vs HC alone) may provide greater anti-inflammatory potential in individuals with thoracic SCI.

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