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Understanding Violence and Abuse: Societal Challenges in Canada

Violence and abuse are significant societal challenges in Canada, manifesting through personal injuries, domestic violence, and racial conflicts. Factors such as poverty, unemployment, and discrimination contribute to these issues. Statistics highlight alarming rates of homicide and violence against women, including the 1989 Montreal Massacre. Many individuals face a cycle of violence, struggling with emotional pain. Addressing violence against children and men, as well as the unique vulnerabilities of seniors, is crucial for fostering a safer society. Prevention and awareness are key to breaking these cycles and promoting understanding diversity.

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Understanding Violence and Abuse: Societal Challenges in Canada

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  1. Chapter 4Violence and AbuseSocietal Challenges Violence in Canada

  2. What is violence? A set of Behaviours that produce injuries and the outcomes of these Behaviours……personal injury!!!!! • 1988 - ranked 5th. In the world for victimization rates with force. • Riots….sporting events • political confrontation • personal violence • racial/ethnic minorities • family…women/children

  3. Underlying Causes of Violence & Abuse • Social, cultural and individual factors • Poverty, unemployment, hopelessness, education,housing, parents (role models),social support systems, discriminatory behaviors……. • Homicide: Deaths that results from intent to injure or kill • 586 in 1995 - lower than 1975 • US - 4 times as many

  4. Who Kills????? Most likely you know them!!!! • 47% - acquaintance • 36% - spouse Victims: • males 67% • committed 87% • Guns - US 29% military • Canada - 6%

  5. Suicide: anger, rage & hopelessness turned inward! • Self-violence“a cry for help” • emotional pain • neurobiological / psychological • 1992 - 2923 men - 786 women • One every 2 hours! • Leading cause of death • men 30 - 34 • 35 - 45 decrease in rates • 45 and increase in rates • First Nations - 5 times Greater!

  6. Youth Violence • Is youth crime increasing? • “Zero Tolerance in Schools” • more crimes reported! • Late teens - 53% of total • targets - 12 to 17 year olds • many young offenders in Canada due to a lack of alternative approaches

  7. The Violence of Hate • Welcome other cultures while marginalizing First Nations people • Acceptance decreases as differences between cultures & physical appearance widens • Northern European appearance -the stereotype! • prejudice and racism part of Canadian society

  8. Preventing Hate and Bias Crimes • Intolerance…… why? • personal attitudes/behaviors • fear of change • blaming others • economy • education • understanding/appreciation • interactions/stereotypes • racist jokes / ethnic bigotry • leadership - promoting understanding and appreciation for diversity

  9. Violence Against Women1 in 4 women living with a man is abused each year • Police & RCMP can lay charges…..” • reasonable and probable grounds” • takes responsibility from victim • “Montreal Massacre” - 1989 - 14 women died • Violence is alive and well in Canada

  10. Domestic Violence & Discrimination: a Global Issue • United Nations - passed a declaration to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women • 1993 - 29% Women experienced violence from men • 2.8 million partnerships in Canada

  11. Repeated Beatings….. Why! Doesn’t she just leave him? • Children • financially dependent • fear - retaliation • hope for change • cultural/religious beliefs forbid divorce • love • co-dependency

  12. The Cycle of Violence Theorythe downward spiral…….. Phases: One: Tension Building • minor battering, women nurture, pleasing, guilt, and needs. Two: Acute Battering • pleasing doesn’t work • can’t control or predict abuse • teach a lessen • smoothed over

  13. Cycle of Violence …. Continued! Three: Remorse / Reconciliation • batterer may be kind, loving, apologetic • “….Never Again…….” • lasts - a month, a week ???? • “it wasn’t that bad, he is a good man deep down!” • Happens again!!! • Cycle must be broken! • Out side help best!!

  14. Other Stressors which may contributeto abuse and neglect….. • Unwanted child • unsupported single parent household • no financial support • unemployment • substance abuse - domestic violence, sexual abuse…….

  15. Violence Against Children • Found in all societies • secretive • 1 in 5000 to 1 in 10000 under five die / year • Physical violence - lack of parenting skills • culture & corporal punishment

  16. …………………...Sexual Abuse • Trusted individual / authority figure • family member / often male • people who suffered sexual abuse themselves - high risk! • Normal reactions to harm are anger and pain • forbidden to expressed / repressed - forgotten • problems surface later - criminal behaviour / mass murder or to self - alcohol abuse

  17. Street Children…. • Both developed and undeveloped countries • better to be harmed by a stranger then a family member • trust for caregiver broken • later in life when safer will remember and can heal

  18. Violence Against Men • Violence of men on other men • 48 000 assaults - 1995 • young men most likely involved 34 years • only 6% of the time by a women • A MALE ISSUE!!! For Society • competitiveness, power and control are valued male attributes • violence - expression of frustration and stress

  19. Violence Against Seniors • Physical abuse • neglect • chronic verbal aggression • material abuse • 4% of Canadians (65yrs) experienced abuse • mostly female - spouse or child • feel vulnerable…..

  20. Sexual Victimization • Sexual assault - power imbalance in society • 83% men assaulted women • violence is implicit for sexual exploitation • 84% of University students knew their attacker • 57% of rapes were on a date • Why some males sexually assault women….

  21. Prevention Assaults • Home • Streets • Car • Health and Violence • Which of the dimensions of healthare compromised?

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