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This exploration delves into the transformative era of the Song Dynasty (960-1126), initiated by Emperor Taizu. It examines the cultural and societal shifts, including the rise of state ownership of land, the private market in land, and the impact of innovations like paper currency and the compass. The period saw a flourishing of trade, population growth, and the emergence of vibrant urban centers. Insight into influential figures such as Wang Anshi and the development of gunpowder underscores the era's profound changes in governance and society, from aristocracy to local elites.
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Liao 907-1125 Northern Song 960-1126 Liao Turkic Tribes Xi Xia Tibetan Tribes Song Dali
From one empire From state ownership of the land From silk as the store for wealth From one great capital with population of 1 million From restrictions on trade and commerce From an aristocracy of great clans supported by the court To a multi-state world To a private market in land To coin, paper money, and silver (money supply increases 20-30 times) To multiple great cities with population 500,000-1 million To the accumulation of wealth through trade To literati local elites who do not depend on the court
Song period Ships paddle-wheels, oars, and sails
