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Tectonics and Stratigraphy

Tectonics and Stratigraphy. 7 Major Plates. African Plate , covering Africa - Continental plate Antarctic Plate , covering Antarctica - Continental plate Australian Plate , covering Australia (fused with Indian Plate between 50 and 55 million years ago) - Continental plate

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Tectonics and Stratigraphy

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  1. Tectonics and Stratigraphy

  2. 7 Major Plates • African Plate, covering Africa - Continental plate • Antarctic Plate, covering Antarctica - Continental plate • Australian Plate, covering Australia (fused with Indian Plate between 50 and 55 million years ago) - Continental plate • Eurasian Plate covering Asia and Europe - Continental plate • North American Plate covering North America and north-east Siberia - Continental plate • South American Plate covering South America - Continental plate • Pacific Plate, covering the Pacific Ocean - Oceanic plate

  3. What Drives Tectonics? • Definition : The cycle of movement in the asthenosphere that causes the plates of the lithosphere to move. Heated material in the asthenosphere becomes less dense and rises toward the solid lithosphere, through which it cannot rise further. It therefore begins to move horizontally, dragging the lithosphere along with it and pushing forward the cooler, denser material in its path. The cooler material eventually sinks down lower into the mantle, becoming heated there and rising up again, continuing the cycle. See also plate tectonics. Convection

  4. Types Of Boundaries • Divergent - rift valleys • Convergent -ocean to ocean - ocean to continental - continental to continental

  5. Focus On!!! • Convergent • Where? - The Himalayas

  6. Indian Plate collides with the Eurasian Pictures shows the migration of India from around 71mya to 10mya Himalayas

  7. Broken into Sections • Quaternary -upper - middle -Lower • Paleozoic • Precambrian • Tertiary Leucogranite

  8. Top to Bottom

  9. Quaternary • Age form .1 ma to .8 ma • Consists of alluvial sediments -Alluvial sediments- clay or slit or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down

  10. Upper, Middle and Lower • Range from the Tertiary down to the Triassic 1.8 to 243 ma • Consists Siwalik Formation • Which the Upper, Middle, and Lower are composed of sandstone and shale

  11. Paleozoic • Upper part • 248-443 may • Consists of mainly Limestone and Marl *Marl-calcium carbonate or lime-rich muds or mudstones which contain variable amounts of clays and calcite or aragonite.

  12. Paleozoic • Lower Part • 443-548ma • Consists of Phyllite and Quartzite *Phyllite- is a type of foliated metamorphic rock primarily composed of quarts, sericite mica, and chlorite; the rock represents a gradiation in the degree of metamorphism between slate and mica schist.

  13. Precambrian • Upper • 543-1200 ma • Consists of Phyllite and Quartzite

  14. Precambrian • Lower • 1200-2500 ma • Consists of Gneiss and Migmatite *Migmatite- form under extreme pressure b/w igneous and metamorphism

  15. Cited Work and References • Websites • U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication: • wc.pima.edu/.../setting/geology_platetec.htm • http://wc.pima.edu/~bfiero/tucsonecology/setting/images/plates_ooc01.gif • gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/platetect.html: Pamela J.W. GoreGeorgia Perimeter College • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates3.html • http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/elevator.html • http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/crust.htm

  16. Con’t • Kious, W.J., and Tilling, R.I., 1996, THIS DYNAMIC EARTH--THE STORY OF PLATE TECTONICS: U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication, 77 p • Courtillot, Vincent and Vink, G.E., 1983, HOW CONTINENTS BREAK UP: Scientific American, v. 249, no. 1, pp. 42-49 • Bird, J.M., ed., 1980, PLATE TECTONICS (revised ed.): Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 986 p.

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