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Background Introduction to Early Islam

Background Introduction to Early Islam. Geographic Context - 6 th C Middle East. Close-up - Arabia c. 600 CE. Situation in Arabia, c. 600. Semi-civilized, semi-nomad peripheral area to more advanced urban Byzantine & Persian civilizations

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Background Introduction to Early Islam

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  1. Background Introduction to Early Islam

  2. Geographic Context - 6th C Middle East

  3. Close-up - Arabia c. 600 CE

  4. Situation in Arabia, c. 600 • Semi-civilized, semi-nomad peripheral area to more advanced urban Byzantine & Persian civilizations • Traditional Arabia culture: male-led, clan-centered, polytheist • Clans = excellent camel-mounted warriors & traders; good contact with border civilizations’ ideas, technologies

  5. Muhammad’s Arabian Origins • Born c. 570, to parents from minor clan of Quraysh tribe that dominates Mecca, runs desert caravans • Raised by grandfather & then uncle because father died before his birth – both men strong in disappearing desert codes of behavior • Became caravan trader; travels took him to Syrian cities (sees Christianity & Judaism) • At about age 25 married Khadija, a wealthy, greatly respected Mecca widow • Khadija & Muhammad have children but only girls survived

  6. Muhammad’s 1st Revelation • 610 Muhammad has 1st vision • Angel Gabriel tells Muhammad he is God’s Final Messenger, given final, correct version of earlier, now flawed, revelations (including Jewish & Christian) • Crux of Message: Allah (God) is all powerful; there is a heaven & hell, Allah wants humankind to worship him and live ethical, moral lives Persian Miniature: Muhammad & Gabriel

  7. Qur’an Leaf, Recording One of Muhammad’s Revelations from God

  8. Following Slides - Islamic Empire 632-1000

  9. Islam 632Don’t click again to advance another slide until automatic advance shows 1000 CE

  10. Islam 634

  11. Islam 661

  12. Islam 661 - 750

  13. Islam 778 – c. 900

  14. Islam 935

  15. Islam c. 1000Start clicking again to advance rest of presentation’s slides

  16. Islamic World as of 1500

  17. Islamic Civilization & Society

  18. Mosque Architecture Shows Widespread Islamic Dominance, Regional Vitality

  19. Islamic Learning Flourishes • Preserves, builds on Greek, Roman learning & ideas • Develops mathematics, science, medicine (building on Indian numerals, Central Asian and other astronomy, etc)

  20. Islamic learning “Arabic” numbers Madrasah (“University”) Ibn Rushd Great Philosopher Astronomy teacher

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