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Pharmacology

Pharmacology. Drugs used to treat: Asthma Rhinitis & Cough. Bronchodilators Methylxanthines Anticholinergics Anti-inflammatory Agents Leukotriene Antagonists Mast cell stabilizers. Decongestants Antihistamines Antitussives Expectorants & mucolytics. Topics. Asthma.

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Pharmacology

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  1. Pharmacology Drugs used to treat: Asthma Rhinitis & Cough

  2. Bronchodilators Methylxanthines Anticholinergics Anti-inflammatory Agents Leukotriene Antagonists Mast cell stabilizers Decongestants Antihistamines Antitussives Expectorants & mucolytics Topics

  3. Asthma • Inflammatory response to allergen • Antibody binds with & ruptures mast cells • Releases histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes • Two primary issues • Bronchoconstriction • Inflammation (mucous production)

  4. Approaches to Treatment • Relax bronchial smooth muscle • ß2 agonists • methylxanthines • anticholinergics • Inhibit release of mediators • Glucocorticoids • Mast cell stabilizers • Block affects of mediators • Leukotriene antagonists

  5. Bronchodilators

  6. Antiinflammatory Agents

  7. Colds and Allergies • Nasal Inflammation • Vasodilation & engorgement • Itching, redness, rhinorrhea • Mast/basophil degranulation

  8.  congestion via vasodilation Alpha1 stimulation Topical administration phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®, Actifed®) A moment of silence for: phenylpropanolamine (AlkaSeltzer Cold®, Contact®, Allerest®) Nasal Decongestants

  9. H1 receptors Vasodilation Increased capillary permeability Bronchoconstriction H2 receptors Increase gastric acid secretion (Zantac®), etc) Other histamine receptors Sedation Antihistamines

  10. First generation Sedation chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®) diphenhydramine (Benadry®) clemastine (Tavist®) promethazine (Phergan®) Second generation No sedation blood-brain barrier Sniff, sniff: terfenadine (Seldane®) fexofenadine (Allegra®) cetirizine (Zyrtec®) loratadine (Claritin®) Antihistamine Agents

  11. Antitussives Decrease cough reflex Opioids codeine & hydrocodone Non-opioids dextromethorphan benzonatate (Tessalon®) Expectorants guaifenesin may work others are doubtful Mucolytics Decreases viscocity acetlycysteine (Mucomyst®) hypertonic saline Cough Suppressants

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