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Proposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 Equipment

This article discusses the proposed installation requirements for SEER 14 air conditioners and heat pumps, including the benefits of energy efficiency, the incidence of inefficient installations, and the potential energy savings. It also covers factors causing inefficiency, such as oversizing, inadequate airflow, and refrigerant charge issues. The article concludes with the proposed installation requirements and next steps for implementation.

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Proposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 Equipment

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  1. ENERGY STAR Air Conditioners & Heat PumpsProposed Installation Requirements for SEER 14 EquipmentBrian KillinsNatural Resources CanadaMay 4, 2006 Toronto, May 4 - 5, 2006

  2. Table of Contents • Background • Efficiency and energy savings potential • Electricity peak demand reductions • Homeowner benefits • Development and Implementation Plan

  3. AC/HP Market in Canada • About 250,000 per year • 90% AC, 10% ASHP • Size – about 85% are 2.5 tons and less • At 2 kw/AC, >500 MW peak demand • Increase of 1 EER yields 240 watt peak reduction (for 2 ton AC) • Operating costs – highly variable

  4. Equipment Efficiency April 1, 2006SEER 14, EER 11.5, and HSPF V 7.1 (split)January 1, 2009SEER 14.5 , EER 12, and HSPF V 7.1 (split) (2006 EE Regulations – SEER 13, HSPF V 6.7)

  5. Incidence of AC installations Factors causing inefficiency Oversizing 47%Inadequate airflow 70%Refrigerant charge outsideof manufacturer specs 44%Source: Consortium for Energy Efficiency

  6. Homeowner “disconnect” • Cannot tell if AC and HP are operating efficiently • Unaware of “servicing” costs • Bigger is better

  7. AC Sizing • 50% oversized by >25% • average oversizing of 1.39 • 1/3 contractors use rule of thumb and 40% admit purposely oversizing, homeowner driven • 20% downsizing possible yielding 4% energy savings • potential savings 2-10% Source: various studies

  8. Reduced Airflow AC efficiency • Interaction of fan, filter, coil, ductwork, & AC sizing • Studies 327 cfm per ton cooling (vs 400 cfm) • Impact on EER/SEER = – 5% Air circulation • Furnaces rated at 45 pa, typical 100 -125 pa • Typical air circulation power = 500 watts/1000 cfm • Impact of AC sizing, higher efficiency motor & blowers, duct design Source: various studies

  9. Refrigerant Charge • Overcharging (33%) & undercharging (41%) found • Fixed orifice type savings potential – 10-20% • TXV type - 5% estimated energy savings • Overall 13% energy reduction Source: various US studies

  10. Heating systems • most are oversized >40%, some more than 100% • air circulation power increase from 13 to 28 w/kw heating since ’90, typical increase from 350 to 500 watts Source: Phillips

  11. US ENERGY STAR says… …up to 35% savings:AC sizing 10%Refrigerant charge 12%Proper Air flow 10%Duct sealing 15%Sources:CEE 2000 White Paper (Consortium for Energy Efficiency) US ENERGY STAR website

  12. Installation Criteria Correct AC sizing & reduced air handling - estimated potential impacts: • 18 MW / yr peak electricity demand reduction • 85 GW.h / year energy savings (equivalent to SEER 10 to 13) Source: Caneta Research report for NRCan

  13. Proposed installation requirements • Qualified equipment SEER, EER, and HSPF • Matched coil and outdoor unit • Circulation fan – variable DC motor (ECM) • Sizing – cooling, heating, ductwork • Access for maintenance • Field measurements – refrigerant charge, air flow, static pressure, blower electricity use • Field checks – equipment #s, quality of installation (duct sealing, access for cleaning, etc)

  14. Proposed installation requirements • Verification process • Contractor training and qualifications • Energy Star labelling • Maintain ENERGY STAR principles • Pilots & Programs

  15. Conclusions / Next Steps • Expanded scope for ENERGY STAR • Significant potential • Expanded opportunity for industry • Schedule - 2007 for development of installation criteria • Stakeholder meetings for input – with manufacturers, contractors, utilities, & others • Operationalize field measures, verification

  16. Brian Killins613 947 8764bkillins@nrcan.gc.ca oee.nrcan.gc.ca Contact Information

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