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Bellwork 10/1. Watch the clip of Pocahontas. Write these in your binder: How is Pocahontas portrayed? How is the relationship between John Smith and Pocahontas portrayed? Tell what happens overall. 4.1 English Colonies. Essential Questions.
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Bellwork 10/1 Watch the clip of Pocahontas. Write these in your binder: How is Pocahontas portrayed? How is the relationship between John Smith and Pocahontas portrayed? Tell what happens overall
Essential Questions • What were the negative effects of the location of Jamestown? • What was the true story of John Smith and Pocahontas?
London Company In 1605 a company of English merchants, called the London Company, asked for the right to found a new settlement in North America They wanted to settle in a region called Virginia At the time, Virginia stretched from present day Maine to South Carolina King James I granted this request promising the Company the rights to these lands
Settlement in Jamestown After learning of the failures of previous colonies financed by one person, the London Company wanted a group to share the cost and risk of founding a colony To attract investors and settlers, the LC printed advertisements praising Virginia. Propaganda- Information that is spread with the purpose of promoting a cause.
The promise of wealth attracted adventurers and people who wanted a new start in America. The main purpose of Jamestown was to generate profit for England In April 1607, three ships containing 105 male colonists landed off the coast of Virginia The ships sailed into Chesapeake Bay and up to the James River They named the colony Jamestown, after the King of England
Life in Jamestown The colonists were poorly prepared to start a settlement Most wanted to earn their living in the new world, but had no practical skills to start a colony such as carpentry or farming experience. Most were English “Gentlemen” a higher social class that looked down on physical labor Captain John Smith was one colonist of the early colonists of Jamestown He complained about the poor work ethic and lack of skills of the other colonists
Negatives of the Location The colony was built on a marshland This area was full of disease-carrying mosquitoes The river water was too salty to drink By the time winter arrived, 2/3 of the original colonists had died The survivors were hungry and sick
John Smith John Smith took control of the colony He forced the settlers to work and to build better housing He also instituted policies that made all healthy people gather food During an expedition for food, Smith was captured by Algonquian Indians He was taken to the Powhatan (pow-a-tan) capital of Werowocomoco.
Pocahontas Daughter of Wahunsonacock (wa-hoon-Suh-nuh-kik), chief of the Powhatan Real name was Matoaka (ma-toke-a) Pocahontas was a nickname that means playful or hard to control
Smith and Pocahontas Myths Saving Smith’s Life Smith wrote in his book that he was saved from death by Pocahontas He said he was set on an altar stone to be clubbed to death by members of the tribe He said Pocahontas flung herself on him to save him The book was published more than 10 years after the incident No one really knows if it actually happened Some theories suggest if it happened, it was merely a symbolic public ceremony to show the Powhatan acceptance of Smith
Why would Smith create this story? Bias- Supporting one side rather than remaining neutral No one else was around to tell the story in 1624, as Pocahontas died in 1617 This story would make Smith’s adventures seem more fantastic and perhaps help him become famous It also could have been done to promote Pocahontas’ story
Romantic Relationship? There is no evidence to suggest of a romantic relationship between the two Smith was 28 and Pocahontas was around 11
Pocahontas helps the Colonists This fact about Pocahontas is true: Pocahontas was trusted by the English and helped to formulate English/American Indian relationships She carried food, gifts, and messages between the two cultures She also was able to arrange for prisoner transfers between the two groups The Powhatan taught the colonists how to grow corn.
Colonist/Powhatan Relations While Pocahontas helped to mend the relationship between the two groups, it was not always peaceful The colonists sometimes stole food from the Powhatan by force There were also incidents and skirmishes between the two groups
Bellwork: 10/2 Review Paragraph: In paragraph form, compare the Pocahontas myth to reality. Use at least 3 facts.
Essential Question • What saved Jamestown and allowed it to be profitable? How did this process occur?
Starving Time In 1609 400 more settlers arrived in Jamestown A gunpowder injury forced John Smith to return to England, leaving the colony without a strong leader That winter, disease and famine hit the colony This time period was called the starving time The next spring, only 60 colonists were still alive.
John Rolfe Because the colony was struggling to survive, it obviously was not making money for the London Company. Colonist John Rolfe helped to solve this problem He knew tobacco grew well in Virginia, it was just not the type that was preferred in England Rolfe introduced a West Indian variety to be grown in Virginia. Soon the colonists were able to export tobacco to England for a profit
John Rolfe later married Pocahontas in 1614. This marriage also helped Jamestown to form more peaceful relationships with the Powhatan. Occurred while she was captured by the English She later became baptized and was known as Rebecca She met the King and Queen of England on a trip to promote the Jamestown colony and recruit new settlers.
Relationships Strained Peace between the colonists and American Indians did not last Colonists no longer depended on the Indians for food As they colony grew, they began using Indian land to grow tobacco
Colonists killed a Powhatan leader, and Opechancanough (O-pech-an-cah-no) responded by attacking the settlers killed 350 men, women, and children. • Among those killed was John Rolfe • Fighting between the groups continued for the next 20 years
Life in Virginia People began to live on scattered farms instead of towns Tobacco farmers established plantations This was due to the headright system Colonists who paid their own way to Virginia received 50 acres of land For every additional person they brought they would get 50 more acres Life was difficult, as many people died from diseases and harsh weather High death tolls led to labor shortages
Indentured Servants Indentured servants were hired to help with the labor Would work 4-7 years for those who paid for their trip to America They would be provided with food, drink, clothes, and shelter Living and working conditions were poor, and many indentured servants died before their term ended.
African Slaves Africans came to Virginia on a Dutch ship in 1619. Some worked as indentured servants, others as slaves. As time went on, less people were willing to work in the harsh conditions as an indentured servant This led to an increase of African slaves. Planters- owners of large plantations turned to using slave labor for their plantations
Bacon’s Rebellion Many colonists were growing unhappy with conditions in the colony. Poor colonists especially were upset with how the government was run. They also felt they were not being protected from Indian attacks They were also upset with the lack of available farmland, and began farming on Indian land. In 1676 a group of former indentured servants attacked a group of American Indians This group was led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter
When the governor tried to stop Bacon and his men, they attacked and burned Jamestown. At one point, Bacon and his men controlled Jamestown. Bacon later died of fever, ending the rebellion. The 23 remaining rebels were hanged to death. The rebellion made it difficult to make peace with American Indians.
