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F. Arteche , C.Esteban , (ITA) I.Vila (IFCA)

F. Arteche , C.Esteban , (ITA) I.Vila (IFCA). Electronics integration studies for CMS tracker upgrade. OUTLINE. 1. Introduction 2.R&D project for SLHC : Working Packages 3. WP1: Power network impedance characterization System description Noise emission at system level

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F. Arteche , C.Esteban , (ITA) I.Vila (IFCA)

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  1. F. Arteche, C.Esteban, (ITA)I.Vila(IFCA) Electronics integration studies for CMS tracker upgrade

  2. OUTLINE • 1. Introduction • 2.R&D project for SLHC: • Working Packages • 3. WP1: Power network impedance characterization • System description • Noise emission at system level • Output impedance • Input impedance • Granularity • 4. WP4: Power network impedance characterization • 5.Future work • 6. Conclusions CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  3. 1. Introduction • Main characteristics of the DC-DC converter powering scheme: • Several noise sources close to FEE-Sensor • DC-DC power converter, MT & HV line & Structure • High magnetic field inside tracker volume • No optimal DC-DC power converter design • High switching frequency • Radiation (Near-field and Far-field) • New FEE design • Sensitive to sensor & power line connection (LF & HF) • A large R&D effort is planned and taking place to develop a DC-DC switching converter to operate under high magnetic field with low electromagnetic emissions • GREAT effort form Cern & Aachen • But it is important to have a R&D plan on EMC issues to conduct studies on the tracker detector at the system level • To ensure the correct integration of SLHC tracker at system level CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  4. 2. R&D project for SLHC • EMC immunity studies for CMS tracker upgrade - 9.04 • IFCA & ITA – Approved by CMS MB on 20th of November • Long & detailed review process (Tracker & CMS upgrade MB ) • Proposal sent – 3 June • Proposal was welcomed because covers a critical integration issue for the detector - Good comments from reviewers • First stage of the EMC strategy • The main goal of the project is: • To define preliminary rules to ensure the integration of main components (Detector, FEE, Power network and DC-DC ) • To define design strategies that allow increasing the immunity of the Detector-FEE unit. • It is divided in two parts: • Noise coupling mechanisms • New high immunity systems to EM noise CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  5. 2.1 R&D project for SLHC: Working Packages • WP 1: Power network impedance characterization • The aim of WP1 is to define and characterize the impedances connected to the DC-DC power converters • It defines the noise (conducted and radiated) levels emitted by the DC-DC power converters AT SYSTEM LEVEL • Characterization of the electromagnetic environment • Impedances ( FEE & Power Bus) • Multiple units • ITA will conduct this WP (Open ) • WP 2: Noise propagation effects in power network • The aim of WP2 is to define the key points that allow designing the power network to minimize the effects of noise currents generated by DC-DC coveters. • PCB or Twisted pair cables • ITA & IFCA will conduct this WP • Very close collaboration with FERMILAB- M.Johnson CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  6. 2.2 R&D project for SLHC: Working Packages • WP 3: Noise immunity test in FEE prototypes • The aim WP3 is to define the FEE immunity on prototypes: Impact of integration strategies in the overall design. • Conducted & radiated test (ITA facilities). • ITA & IFCA will conduct this WP • Prototype development (several possibilities) • WP 4: Validation of EM immune OFS for temperature, magnetic field and strain: Effect on overall EM noise • The purpose of WP4 seeks out the implementation of OFS to substitutes previous measuring systems based on cooper cables and increase the immunity of tracker system. • Different methods for attaching the fibres to carbon composites supports • Architectures for sensor distribution network • EMC factor measurement • Noise emissions and immunity with conventional electrical technologies versus Optical Fiber Sensors. • IFCA will conduct this WP CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  7. 3. WP1: Power network impedance characterization • The first stage of the integration studies • It will help to define preliminary rules to ensure the integration of main components • Power Network design strategies • Detector - FEE – PS connection • Chip design • DC-DC power converter • It is very important to define and characterize the impedances connected to the DC-DC power converters • It defines the noise (conducted and radiated) levels emitted by the DC-DC power converters at system level • Filters degradation • This characterization will be focused on integration issues at system level and not on DC-DC converter design issues. • It is complementary to the work developed by other groups.. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  8. 3.1 WP1: PN impedance characterization: System • There are several layout proposal for system layout –Prop. 1 • Susanne Kyre, Dean White • First results very encouraging • G. Hall´s talk DEC 09

  9. 3.1 WP1: PN impedance characterization: System • There are several layout proposal for system layout . Prop 2 DC-DC • M. Jonhson´s Talk • CMS upgrade WS 2009

  10. 3.1 WP1: PN impedance characterization: System • All proposals are different but in terms of impedances have common points • Input &Output CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  11. 3.1 WP1: PN impedance characterization: System ZBUS DC DC DC DC DC BUS DC DC DC DC • Input • Low impedance in DM • Large amount of capacitors connected in the PN • Ej: Old Tracker : several hundreds uf • Low impedance in CM • Possible grounding connection is under analysis but .. • Detector or negative line has to be grounded due to safety reasons & performance • At high frequency “stray capacitance “starts to play an important role CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  12. 3.1 WP1: PN impedance characterization: System • Output • Low impedance in DM mode • Decoupling capacitors • Each DC-DC supplies to several chips • CM impedance will be defined by stray capacitances • Cooling blocks close to the DC-DC • Frame support is made of Carbon Fiber • Similar to copper above 500 kHz. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  13. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level • Pspice model has been develop to study the impedance effect in noise emissions at system level • Frequency domain • Time domain. • DM & CM models has been studied – Today DM • Model based on DC-DC converters models developed by CERN & K. Aachen • Noise studies • DC-DC converter ( 10 V-2.5V / 1 to 5 A) CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  14. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • The DM output emissions from DC-DC are mainly defined by: • Inductor • Pi – filter • However the load impedance plays an important role in the noise emissions • Load has been characterized by a current source with a capacitor plus a resistance in parallel. • A frequency characterization of filter performance respect several impedances has been studied (real vs normalized impedances) • 10mΩ, 50Ω, 100Ω CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  15. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • Filter performance • IL > 80 dB • HF increases due to filter inductance Z=10m Ohms Z=50 Ohms Z=150 Ohms CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  16. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • The output DM noise emission depends strongly on the load impedance (Iout=3A). • Expected impedance bellow 0.1 ohms • Possible noise emissions >100mA Pkk CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  17. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • Spectrum profile is very similar but shifted between 40 and 80 dB. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  18. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • It is expected to connect the DC-DC to FEE via short cables • The output DM noise emissions has been evaluated for 3 cables of different length • 10 cm , 0.5m and 1m • Iout=3A ; Zout=10mΩ • Reference cable: • L=0.5uH/m (from old TK) • Noise emissions • Max – 120 mA. pp • Min – few mA. pp CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  19. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Output impedance • Spectra profile is very similar but shifted around 30 dB CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  20. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Input impedance • The DM input emissions from DC-DC are mainly defined by: • Pi – filter • But, again, the load impedance plays an important role in the noise emissions • This impedance will be very low due to the large amount of Capacitor connected to the power network • Old tracker – More the 100 µf (more than 30 capacitors) • Frequency characterization of filter performance respect several impedances is similar to the output • Filter performance degradation is expected • Input impedance may vary between 1mΩ - 1Ω CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  21. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Input impedance • The DM input noise emission depends strongly on input impedance. • Expected Zin bellow 0.1 ohms • Possible noise – >80mA Pkk • Zin <10 mΩ → Iinput >300 mA. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  22. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Input impedance • Spectrum profile is very similar but shifted around 40 dB. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  23. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity • The granularity of the detector also may have an impact in the noise emission level . • The detector granularity defines: • Current consumption per DC-DC converter • Number of DC-DC converters connected to the same bus • DM Noise emissions for two different scenario have been analyzed • Output current • 1 to 5 A • DC-DC converters connected to the same bus • 1 to 4 DC-DC converters • As a reference • Input impedance & output impedance – 10 mΩ CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  24. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity Input • DM Input & output emissions of DC-DC converters has been analyzed • Three cases: 1 A, 3 A and 5 A • Zin=Zout=10 mΩ • Input emissions • Noise increases • Iout = 1 A – Noise : 20mA • Iout = 5 A – Noise : 400mA • Output emissions • Constant Output CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  25. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level :Granularity • The spectrum content in DM at the input is similar but it is also shifted around 10 dB • Difference between 1 A and 5 A CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  26. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC • The noise emissions at the power network level has been analyzed • 4 DC-DC converter connected in parallel • Synchronized switching frequency CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  27. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity • The spectrum content in DM at power network increases with the number of DC-Dc connected. • Difference between 1 DC-DC and 4 DC-DC A (10 dB) • Similar scenario has been already observed in old tracker CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  28. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity • This lead to high noise emission level at power network level • 4 DC-DC / 5 A → 1.6 A at 1 MHz !!!!!! CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  29. 4. WP 4: Validation of EM immune OFS for temperature, magnetic field and strain: High immunity system • New tracker system will generate a large amount of noise inside the tracker volume • Easier coupling path • Filtering is more complex • High noise at power network level • The study or design of new systems insensitive to EM noise to measure temperature, strain or magnetic field will increase the robustness of FEE to EM noise • The use of optical fibre sensors (OFS) to be used as temperature and strain probes will increase the immunity of tracker system. • They are very well known in aerospace and aeronautics • This type of sensors is • Not sensitive to EM fields, HV and transients. • Light – weight, miniaturized and flexible • Non-interfering , low-loss, long-range signal transmission CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  30. 4. WP 4: Validation of EM immune OFS for temperature, magnetic field and strain: High immunity system • Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG ) optical transducer is the most common transducer to measure strain and temperature • A light is sent via the optical fibber to the transducer and the diffracted wavelength is measured • Diffracted wavelength depends on FBG geometry, that is affected by stress and temperature. Stress Temp CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  31. 4. WP 4: Validation of EM immune OFS for temperature, magnetic field and strain: High immunity system • The FBG sensors allows: • Multiplexing capability – (Sensor Networks) • Embedding in composite material –(Smart structures) • High and low Temperatures ( 4 k – 900 ºC). • Durable to high strain • It is necessary only one fibre to read out strain & temperature CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  32. 5. Future work • WP1: Impedance effects • Analyzed CM noise emissions • System test for integration issues under development • Measure CM & DM emissions respect several impedances and loads • WP4: Validation of EM immune OFS • Different methods for attaching the fibres to carbon composites supports • Architectures for sensor distribution network • EMC factor measurement • Noise emissions and immunity with conventional electrical technologies versus Optical Fibre Sensors. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  33. 6. Conclusions • ITA & IFCA has recently started a new project focused on integration issues • R& D project divided in 4 WP • WP1 & WP4 has started • WP1 focused on impedance effects on noise emissions • First results focused on DM noise • Strong dependence of DM noise emissions respect • Input & output Impedance • Granularity • WP4 focused on development of high immunity systems • Substitute the Temp , strain and magnetic monitoring lines for other based on optical fiber. CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

  34. BACKUP SLIDES CMS / ATLAS Power working group Paris- France, 23 September 2009

  35. 3.2 WP1: PN impedance characterization: Noise Emissions at system level : Granularity • But why the noise does not increases at the output ? • The output current has the same shape • Only they are shifted a certain DC value defined by current consumption • AC shape it is defined by duty cycle and converter parameters • However , the input current has different shape • Spectra content is different Output Input CMS / ATLAS Power working group Geneva, 31 March 2010

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