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Topic 6 Luke : Jesus as Savior for Whole World

Topic 6 Luke : Jesus as Savior for Whole World. Circumstances of origin Authorship Anonymous (like all the gospels). Same author for Luke and Acts (cf. Lk. 1:1-4; Ac. 1:1-2). Tradition: Luke “the beloved physician.” Date: 75-90. Place: Aegean region ?

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Topic 6 Luke : Jesus as Savior for Whole World

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  1. Topic 6 Luke: Jesus as Savior for Whole World • Circumstances of origin • Authorship • Anonymous (like all the gospels). • Same author for Luke and Acts (cf. Lk. 1:1-4; Ac. 1:1-2). • Tradition: Luke “the beloved physician.” • Date: 75-90. • Place: Aegean region? • Purpose: To commend the gospel to Gentiles.

  2. Key themes in Luke • Delay of the Parousia • Salvation-history Three Periods of Salvation-History: (H. Conzelmann, Theology of St. Luke [“Center of Time”]) • Period of Israel (Creation to John the Baptist) – preparation • Period of Jesus (Baptism to Ascension) – salvation (16:16) • Period of Church (Pentecost to Parousia) – mission • Apostles (Acts 1:21-22) – those who walked with Jesus; now bear witness • Holy Spirit – empowered Jesus; now empowers church • Good news for the poor (1:52-53; 4:18-19; 6:20-26) • Emphasizes social and economic dimensions of gospel. • Reversal of fortunes: oppressed poor lifted up; rich oppressors brought low.

  3. Key themes in Luke (cont.) • God’s mercy for sinners and outcasts • Forgiveness of sinners who repent (Lk. 15; 24:47). • Inclusion of outsiders: • Sinners: prostitutes and tax collectors (7:36-50; 19:1-10). • Poor (7:22; 14:12-14). • Women (8:2-3; 10:38-42; 23:27-28). • Samaritans (9:51-56; 10:30-37; 17:11-19; Acts 8:4-25). • Gentiles (7:1-10; Acts 10:34-35; 11:18). • Universality of the gospel • Genealogy (3:23-38) – descent from Adam • Commission (24:47; Acts 1:8) • Conduct of Christian life • Prayer (11:1-13; 18:1-8) • Humility (14:7-11; 18:9-14) • Love (10:25-37) • Danger of riches (12:13-21; 14:12-14; 16:19-31) • Defense of Christianity against Roman suspicion (23:4, 14, 22; Acts 16:39; 17:9; etc.)

  4. Outline of Luke 3 main sections: Galilee – Journey – Jerusalem 1:1-4:13 Introduction Preface (1:1-4) • Similar to preface in Greek literature. • Explains methodology and purpose of book. • Dedicates book to Theophilus = “friend of God”(symbolic of “God-fearers”?) Birth narrative (1:5-2:52): role of Mary; birth of John; trip to Bethlehem for census; birth in stable; announcement to shepherds Baptism, genealogy (back to Adam), temptation (3:1-4:13) 4:14-9:50 Galilee Ministry Rejection in Nazareth (4:16-30) • Luke moves story forward as keynote (cf. Mk. 6). • Jesus reads Isa. 61:1-2 and announces its fulfillment—time for good news to poor, liberation of oppressed, etc. has arrived. • Rejection at home foreshadows theme of Jewish rejection and Gentile acceptance of gospel.

  5. 4:14-9:50 Galilee Ministry(cont.) “Lesser interpolation” (6:20-8:3) – Block of mostly Q material; no Mk. “Sermon on the Plain” (6:17-49) • Beatitudes (v. 20-26) – addressed to literal poor, needy • Woes – warning to rich, satisfied – reversal of fortunes Healing a centurion’s servant (7:1-10) • Centurion is Gentile “God-fearer.” • The Gentile’s faith is commended. Anointing by a sinful woman (7:36-50) • Snubbed by a Pharisee; lavishly honored by a sinner. • Parable of Two Debtors: Those forgiven the most have the most gratitude. Women in Jesus’ ministry (8:1-3) (After 8:3, Lk. follows Mk. again.)

  6. 9:51-19:27 Journey to Jerusalem “Longer interpolation” (9:51-18:14) –Block of Q and L material; no Mk. Mission of the 70 (10:1-20) – Symbolizes Gentile mission. Parable of Good Samaritan (10:25-37) • Who is my neighbor? • Love of neighbor transcends racial/social barriers; enemy is also a neighbor. Mary and Martha (10:38-42) Sayings on prayer (11:1-13) – Lord’s Prayer (v. 1-4) Parable of the Rich Fool (12:13-21) • Hoards excess crops instead of sharing with needy. • Danger of trusting in riches. Parable of the Great Banquet (14:15-24) • Original invitees refuse to come. • “The poor, maimed, lame, and blind” are invited – and still others. • Inclusiveness of God’s kingdom.

  7. 9:51-19:27 Journey to Jerusalem (cont.) Parables of Lost Sheep, Lost Coin, and Prodigal Son (ch. 15) – God’s joyful acceptance of sinners who repent • Lost Sheep (Lk.) – Friends rejoice with shepherd (=God’s joy). • Lost Coin – Neighbors rejoice with woman (like angels). • Prodigal Son – longest parable • Father illustrates God’s joy over sinners who repent. • Older brother depicts the Pharisees’ grumbling. Parable of Rich Man and Lazarus (16:19-31) • Rich man neglects dire need of poor Lazarus. • After death, their fortunes are reversed. • Danger of not using resources to help the needy. Healing of ten lepers (17:11-19) • Only the Samaritan gives thanks. Parable of Pharisee and Tax Collector (18:9-14) • Pharisee: "God, I thank you that I am not like other people…" • Tax collector: “God be merciful to me, a sinner.” • God accepts the humble, not the boastful.

  8. 19:28-24:53 Jerusalem Ministry Resurrection appearances in Jerusalem (ch. 24) • Two disciples on road to Emmaus • Eleven disciples in Jerusalem • Commissioning (v. 47) • Ascension (only in Luke-Acts) • All on Easter Sunday

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