Development of Photovoltaics and Energy-Efficient Technologies in Kazakhstan Serekbol Tokmoldin

1. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Development of Photovoltaics and Energy-Efficient Technologies in Kazakhstan Serekbol Tokmoldin 12% Hydro 12% Oil & Gas 0% Photovoltaics in the Kazakhstan Energy Pattern 76% Coal Kazakhstan Energy Forum, November 1, 2011, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Global Power Generation Forecast Welt im Wandel: Energiewende zurNachhaltigkeit,Springer ISBN 3-540-40160-1 Grid Parity DoE Cost Reduction Roadmap

3. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat»

4. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Efficiencies of Solar Cells based on different materials Gaps show opportunities for R&D and Engineering

5. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat»

6. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Forecast of the world PV modules market growth (2004) • Thin-film cells are those solar cells which are based on: • amorphous hydrogenated silicon; • CdS/CdTe, CIS (CuInSe2), ZnO/CuO2structures; • multilayered А3В5 nanoheterostructures; • quantum dots and Si/Ge superlattices. • The key question in selection of priority technologies is the question of availability of resources! In this respect, silicon solar cells and technologies have an advantage.

7. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat»

8. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Innovation processes of IPT Short-cut processes forMonosilane synthesis, process comparison solar-grade polysilicon

9. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» 110 MW Solar Cells & Modules Plant in Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Location of Business: Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zone,Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan Competitive Advantages: Development of Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zone is one of the two priorities of the Program of Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan Stable geopolitical and economic situation in Kazakhstan Open-door policy for investors, tax preferences for investments and protection Ability of intellectual resources Large export potential in the framework of Customs Union of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belorussia

10. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Project Objective: Creation of a vertically integrated manufacturing of silicon solar cells, formation of a new economical cluster, providing for Kazakhstan’s domestic market needs, and entry into international markets of high-tech products Project Tasks: Creation of basic industry of PV materials and devices in Alatau Park of Innovation Technologies Special Economic Zoneat the Institute of Physics and Technology Creation of the PV market in Kazakhstan Creation of a PV plants network for power production using various-type solar modules Development of innovative technologies on the basis of the silicon solar cells plant in collaboration with domestic and international Centers of Excellence

11. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» R&D Maintenance Development of a short-cut technology for solar grade silicon manufacturing from metallurgical silicon excluding chlorosilane processing King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (Saudi Arabia) has allocated USD 2.5 Mln. Epitaxial and ion-beam technologies development for high-efficiency silicon solar cells Roth & Rau plans to invest the amount of EURO 1 Mln. Partner – Prof. A.Ignatiev, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Houston Applications Manufacturing of turnkey lines for solar-grade multicrystalline silicon and gaseous monosilane Partner – Almaty Energo Service Construction of solar-wind cogeneration power plants of various capacities Partners –Almaty Energo Service and Green Energy Almaty

12. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat»

13. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Energy-Efficient Lighting Ecological Technological Economic • The danger is not only in utilization of work-out energy-efficient lamps, but also inpartially careless use of them. The broken or damaged bulb lets out mercury vapor causing grave poisoning; • Mercury penetration into human organism often happens during the inhalation of its odorless vapor; • According to the German Institute of Urban Affairs in Germany less than 40% of all gas-discharge lamps are utilized. What about the rest? Nobody knows; • In 2009 in Russia about 40 million energy-efficient lamps (200 kg of mercury) aresold.

14. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Roadmap of project implementation Stage I Assembly of LED luminaire Stage II Assembly of LEDs Stage III Epitaxy, Chip processing Partner – Prof. A.Ignatiev, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Houston

15. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Samples of LED applications LED luminaire for housing and communal services (HCS),vandal resist, direct retrofit LED STREETLIGHT LUMINAIRE «PHOENIX» LED Greenhouse Luminaire LED Systems for railway station illumination

16. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Luminous efficacy of LED luminaries Efficacy of luminaire = КledKо Kэ Kт Heat losses of luminous flux(0.85–0.95) Efficacy ofsupply and control unit (0.80–0.97) Luminous efficacy of LEDs Efficacy of optical system (0.50–0.92) Kт Optimization of heat design • Temperature range -35…+40С. • Temperature minimization of active region of LEDs. Optimization of optical system Kо00 • Development of secondary optics elements. • Search and choice of materials withhigh optical transmission, resistance to UV and chemical agents, as well asthermo cycling. Kэ Optimization of supply and control • Increase of transformation efficacy. • Reliability growth of supply unit and development of multifunctional devices.

17. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Selection of LED element base Tested LEDs: Sample1 - Sample5 Table — Bin limits on luminous flux, indicated by manufactures and measured values of luminous flux of samples at nominal current.

18. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Optimization of optical system for LED street light Purpose: 100% usage of luminous flux. Tasks: 1. Change of normative-technical base (illumination levels, height and step of poles, requirements to glare, color rendering and illumination level); 2. Development of luminary with required light output diagram; 3. Development of light projects. Example of impractical illumination

19. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Optimization of heat design of luminaries Thermal model testing of Luminaire Fortimo (Philips) Thermogram of multichip LED module Kinetics of heating in different sample points

20. Institute of Physics and Technology Kazakhstan National R & D Holding «Parasat» Thank you for your attention!