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Islamic Republic of PAKISTAN

Islamic Republic of PAKISTAN. The History of Pakistan.

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Islamic Republic of PAKISTAN

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  1. Islamic Republic ofPAKISTAN

  2. The History of Pakistan The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. The dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have led to decreased tensions since 2002.

  3. Capital: Islamabad Government: Federal Republic Declared Independence: 14 August 1947 (UK) Ethnic Groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants) Religions: Muslim 97% Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20% Other 3%

  4. Legal System based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal; joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims President Pervez Musharraf

  5. Literacy Rate definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 48.7% male: 61.7% female: 35.2% (2004 est.)

  6. Women in Government Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was the first woman to lead an Islamic state. A third of Pakistan’s local legislative seats are reserved for women. Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz increased the quota for women across all government offices from 5 percent to 10 percent. 43,000 women councilors were elected to local governments by the end of 2005.

  7. Women’s Rights Movement

  8. In December, Pakistan's Parliament passed the Women's Protection Bill, which amended the Hudood Ordinances, a set of religious laws long considered discriminatory toward women The bill unleashed widespread political discontent. Proposed: Prevention of Anti-Women Practices Bill, which outlaws forced marriages (Daily Times) and strengthens women's right to inheritance. At the Women’s Rights Day 2007, cabinet minister Zilla Huma Usman was killed by an Islamic extremist.

  9. MukhtarMai “The mother of a nation”

  10. JUNE 22, 2002 Mukhtar Mai is gang raped allegedly on the orders of a village council in the southern Punjab village of Meerwala in Pakistan. JUNE 30, 2002 A case against 14 men is filed with the Dera Ghazi Khan police Four of the 14 accused are charged with raping Ms Mai while the rest are booked for abetment. AUGUST 31, 2002 6 men are sentenced to death SEPTEMBER 3, 2002 The State and Mukhtar Mai file separate appeals in the Multan bench of the Lahore high court against the acquittal of the eight men set free. MARCH 3, 2005 The court acquits five of the six while the death sentence of the sixth is commuted to life imprisonment. The court orders the release of the five acquitted.

  11. MARCH 11, 2005 Pakistan's highest Islamic court, the Sharia court, suspends the Lahore High Court's acquittal of the five men. MARCH 14, 2005 The Supreme Court - Pakistan's highest judicial forum - intervenes to set aside the ruling by the Sharia court. The five acquitted are ordered to be released. MARCH 15, 2005 Four of the five acquitted in Ms Mai's case are released on the orders of the Supreme Court. The fifth is detained on other, unrelated charges but is released two days later. MARCH 17, 2005 Ms Mai appeals to President Musharraf to order the re-arrest of the four men released saying she fears for her life. JUNE 13, 2005 The 90-day detention period comes to an end but all 14 men remain in jail as no one comes forward to furnish their bail bonds.

  12. JUNE 15, 2005 After having her name listed on the Exit Control List, Mai withdraws her US visa and has her passport revoked. Later that day, after worldwide pressure, the government removes her name from the list. JUNE 18, 2005 The Supreme Court says it will start hearing Ms Mai's appeal against acquittals on 27 June. JUN 28, 2005 The Supreme Court suspends the acquittals of the five men convicted. It orders that they and eight others found not guilty at the original trial be held pending retrial.

  13. Mukhtar’s Story Inspiring the World • Glamour Magazine’s “Woman of the Year” • ABC News “Person of the Week” • $130,000 in contributions from New York Times readers • inspired awareness of women’s rights around the world • the voice/face of many Pakistani women fighting for themselves and their daughters

  14. Giving Back… • schools • ambulance • clinic • police station • first high school in the village • women’s shelter

  15. “…Education is the best way to overcome feudal attitudes…” -Mukhtar Mai

  16. References https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pk.html http://azaz.essortment.com/pakistanwomanr_rjrs.htm http://news.yahoo.com/s/csm/20070306/ts_csm/opakrights http://www.dismalworld.com/minorities/women_rights_in_pakistan.php http://www.cfr.org/publication/12702/pakistans_uneven_push_for_women.html http://new.gbgm-umc.org/missionstudies/indiapakistan/links/ http://www.cpha.ca/programs/ciii/en/photo/pakistan/pak_9.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4620065.stm http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoon_430.html Kristof, Nicholas. Mother of a Nation. April 2, 2006. Nytimes.com. Kristof, Nicholas. The Rosa Parks for the 21st Century. November 8, 2005. Nytimes.com. Masood, Salman. Pakistan’s High Court Reviewing Officially Ordered Gang Rape. June 28, 2005. Nytimes.com. Masood, Salman. Pakistan’s High Court Suspends Acquittals in Village Gang Rape. June 29, 2005. Nytimes.com. Roraback, Amanda. Pakistan in a Nutshell. Enisen Publishing, 2004. Pakistan: Gang Rape as Punishment for a Brother’s Crime. July 19, 2002.

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