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Dúvidas denucci@dglnet.br Arquivo Etapas de desenvolvimento de medicamentos

Dúvidas denucci@dglnet.com.br Arquivo Etapas de desenvolvimento de medicamentos.ppt (med-unicamp- segundo ano) Site www.gdenucci.com. Desenvolvimento de um Medicamento. Testes Clínicos (Humanas). Testes Pré-clínicos. Dose (Conc) Resposta clínica. População PK/PD

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Dúvidas denucci@dglnet.br Arquivo Etapas de desenvolvimento de medicamentos

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  1. Dúvidas denucci@dglnet.com.br Arquivo Etapas de desenvolvimento de medicamentos.ppt (med-unicamp-segundo ano) Site www.gdenucci.com

  2. Desenvolvimento de um Medicamento Testes Clínicos (Humanas) Testes Pré-clínicos Dose (Conc) Resposta clínica População PK/PD Grandes ensaios clínicos Vigilância pós-mercado Aumento escalonado da dose In vitro PK/PD Animal PK/PD Eficácia Tolerância PK/PD em população especiais Seleção da Dose Testes em animais Fase I Fase II Fase III Vols sadios Fase IV Poucos pctes Muitos pctes População

  3. Testes Pré-clínicos para Fase I • Testes in vitro – genotoxicidade • Testes in vivo – duas espécies animais (uma não roedora) por duas semanas

  4. Testes Clínicos • Fase I – voluntários sadios • Fase II – pacientes para prova conceitual • Fase III – grande número de pacientes – estudos multicêntricos • Fase IV – vigilância pós-mercado – pesquisa sobre novas indicações

  5. Testes in-vitro • Testes de Genotoxicidade: • Teste de Ames • Teste de Micronúcleo(eritrócitos de rato) • Teste em Linfoma de rato (timidina-quinase)

  6. Requisito Toxicológico para Estudos Fase I • Teste de Ames • Administração crônica por duas semanas em duas espécies animais, sendo uma não roedora

  7. ANNEX Laboratory investigations HEMATOLOGY: Blood collected on EDTA Erythrocytes Hemoglobin Mean Cell Volume Packed Cell Volume Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration Mean Cell Hemoglobin Thrombocytes Leucocytes Differential White Cell count with cell morphology Reticulocyte count Blood collected on sodium citrate Prothrombin Time Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Fibrinogen And optional: Bone marrow smears Bone marrow differential cell count

  8. ANNEX Laboratory investigations BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY: Blood collected on lithium heparinate SodiumCreatinine PotassiumTotal bilirubin Chloride Cholesterol Calcium Triglycerides Inorganic Phosphorus Alkaline phosphatase Glucose Aspartate aminotransferase Urea Alanine aminotransferase Total proteins Albumin Albumin/globulin ratio Or optional: Blood collected without anticoagulant Total proteins Protein electrophoresis including Albumin and Albumin/Globulin ratio

  9. ANNEX Laboratory investigations URINALYSIS: VolumeGlucose pHBilirubin Specific gravityNitrites Cytology of sedimentBlood Appearance Ketones Color Urobilinogen Proteins

  10. Ames Test (Salmonella typhimurium) • Bacterial reverse mutation assays are widely used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of chemicals, formulations, or extracts. The most common assay involves the use of amino acid-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium and is commonly referred to as the "Ames Test". • In the absence of an external amino acid source (histidine for Salmonella), the cells cannot grow to form colonies unless a reversion of the mutation allows the synthesis of the amino acid to resume. •  Spontaneous reversions occur with each of the strains. However, some compounds induce a mutagenic response and thereby increase the number of revertant colonies substantially over the spontaneous reversion level.

  11. The bacterial reverse mutation assay involves the measurement of revertant colony frequencies that are obtained when Salmonella strains are treated in the presence and absence of a test article. Positive and negative controls are included for each strain tested. Metabolic activation using rat liver S9 is included to mimic the in vivo activity of the liver enzymes in transforming some pro-mutagens to mutagens

  12. Effect of CRIS031 in Ames test using S. typhimurium strain (TA 98)

  13. Effect of CRIS031 in Ames test using S. typhimurium strain (TA 100)

  14. Effect of CRIS031 in Ames test using S. typhimurium strain (TA 1535)

  15. Effect of CRIS031 in Ames test using S. typhimurium strain (TA 1537)

  16. Conclusion “The compound CRIS031 showed no mutagenic effects on Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 neither in the presence nor in the absence of a metabolically active microsomal S9 fraction from rat liver using standard Ames test.”

  17. Projetos Nitrofurano Outras drogas

  18. Nitrofuranos Validação da Metodologia para outras Matrizes Avaliação da real toxicidade causada pelos nitrofuranos

  19. Outras Drogas Estabelecer metodologia para detecção de outras drogas (cloranfenicol, nitroimidazólicos, dapsona)

  20. Avaliação da Toxicidade - Testes in vitro - Testes in vivo

  21. Avaliação do potencial tóxico em Humanos • Verificar a biodisponibilidade dos nitrofuranos • - Verificar a biodisponibilidade de seus metabólitos

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