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Understanding Sex-Linked Traits and Sex Determination in Genetics

Explore the concepts of sex-linked traits and sex determination based on chromosomal genetics. Learn how females (XX) and males (XY) inherit traits that are linked to their sex chromosomes, including examples such as hemophilia and colorblindness. Understand the roles of X-linked and Y-linked genes, the inheritance patterns, and how fathers determine the sex of their offspring by providing either an X or Y chromosome. This overview simplifies complex genetic concepts and their implications in heredity.

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Understanding Sex-Linked Traits and Sex Determination in Genetics

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  1. SEX-LINKED TRAITS & PEDIGREES

  2. SEX DETERMINATION female XX = Female karyotype Xy = male Male karyotype

  3. X X Who decides? X X X X X Mom can give X Dad can give X or y y X y X y Dads determine sex of babies. If dad gives X with mom’s X = girl If dad give y with mom’s X = boy

  4. SEX CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN GENES THAT CODE FOR TRAITS = SEX LINKED TRAITS

  5. SEX LINKED TRAITS show up in different % in males and females because they move with the sex chromosomes

  6. Only Males Inherit Y Chromosomes(No Hairy Pinna’s for us women!) Y-LINKED GENES: Genes carried on Y chromosome EX:Hairy pinna of the ear _________genes only show up in _______ Y linked males.

  7. Both Males and Females Inherit X Chromosomes: Males XY; Females XX X-LINKED GENES: Genes carried on the X chromosome Hemophilia EX: _____________ _____________ _________________________ Colorblindness Muscular Dystrophy

  8. Make a cross with an X-linked gene Hemophilia is an ___________ _________ disease X-linked recessive H Use ___ for normal dominant blood clotting gene. Use ___ for recessive hemophilia gene. On X chromosome write it as _____ h Xh

  9. H H CARRIER H h Mother Without hemophilia = X X Without hemophilia = X X With hemophilia = X X Father Without hemophilia = X y With hemophilia = X y h h H h

  10. Make a cross with an X-linked gene Carrier Mom Normal Dad GIRLS _______ = normal _______ = look normal but are CARRIERS BOYS _______ = normal _______ = hemophilia 1/2 XHXH XHy XHXh Xh y 1/2 1/2 1/2 Worksheet 3 question 2

  11. ONLY Y linked genes ________ show up in males. X linked recessive genes appear __________ in males than females. Females can be __________ for X linkedrecessive traits. Males can _________ carriers for X linked recessive genes. They either have trait OR are normal. more often CARRIERS NEVER BE

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