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Gary W. Miller USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Morgantown, West Virginia

Economic Considerations of Hardwood Silviculture. Gary W. Miller USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Morgantown, West Virginia. Who said, “It’s Only Money?”. Timing – When to treat?. 8-10 years before a harvest control interfering plants favor desirable advanced regeneration

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Gary W. Miller USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Morgantown, West Virginia

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  1. Economic Considerations of Hardwood Silviculture Gary W. Miller USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Morgantown, West Virginia

  2. Who said, “It’s Only Money?”

  3. Timing – When to treat? 8-10 years before a harvest control interfering plants favor desirable advanced regeneration Canopy closure control grapevines release crop trees Merchantable products commercial operations concentrate growth on crop trees

  4. Grapevine Risk?

  5. Effect of vine control on future species composition & value of a 16-yr-old stand Value based on 15 mbf/ac, proportional to species composition (6.5 % ROR)

  6. Upland hardwood stand age 53Site index 70 (Coopers Rock SF)

  7. Percent of Stand Value(No. trees / ac) Others 7 % (17) Yellow-poplar 37 % Red oak 20 % (12) (36) (8 trees/ac) Black cherry 36 %

  8. Too late!

  9. Factors that affect tree value • Species • Size • Quality • Product market

  10. Not Too late!

  11. Precommercial Thinning • Increase dbh growth • Improve species composition • Improve stand quality

  12. Faster growth

  13. 10-Year DBH Growth 5 Control Release 3.9 4 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 3 2.8 2.6 Inches 2.2 2 1 0 Red Oak Black Cherry Yellow-poplar Chestnut Oak

  14. Faster growth • 1-inch increase in dbh • 5-10% increase in volume, value • 3- to 5-year decrease in rotation • Reduced risk of mortality

  15. Improve Species Composition

  16. 300 272 250 200 184 148 142 150 No. Stems/Acre 124 118 95 89 100 76 50 0 SM SAS RM NRO YP LOC BC BIR Other Reproduction* 12 Years After Even-Age Harvest (SI 70) Species * Stems 1.0 inch dbh and larger

  17. 70 Poor 57 60 Good 51 49 50 37 40 34 32 No. Stems/Acre 29 28 30 26 20 10 0 LOC SAS YP RM NRO SM BIR BC Other Species Codominant Stems 12 Years After Even-Age Harvest (SI 70)

  18. Improve species composition • Evaluate potential of the whole stand • Limited by initial composition • Impact determined by value difference among species • Trade up – favor high-value species

  19. Stumpage Prices (2003) Black Cherry $900 / Mbf Red Oak $450 Sugar Maple $350 Yellow-Poplar $165 Red Maple $120 Chestnut Oak $116 Basswood $114 Birch $9

  20. Improve Average Quality

  21. Improve quality • Straight stems • Clear stems • Vigor • Potential log height • Potential grade

  22. Valuable crop trees in young hardwood stands (MNF stands) *Dominant or codominant, black cherry, northern red oak, sugar maple, good quality.

  23. Effect of crop tree release on future species comp. & value of a 12-yr-old stand Value based on 15 mbf/ac, proportional to species composition (6.7 % ROR)

  24. Start Early

  25. Potential Benefits Increase dbh growth 10-15 % increase in volume (value) Improve stand quality 5-10 % increase in value Improve species composition 15-60 % increase in value

  26. Opportunities to increase returns • Vine control • Crop tree management • Prepare for successful regeneration

  27. Gary W. Miller USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 180 Canfield St. Morgantown, WV 26505 Phone: (304) 285-1521 e-mail: gwmiller@fs.fed.us For More Information

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