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World Belief Systems

World Belief Systems. Review. ANIMISM. The oldest known type of belief system Still practiced in some societies Practice nature worship Everything in nature has a spirit Believe ancestors watch over the living from the spirit world

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World Belief Systems

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  1. World Belief Systems Review

  2. ANIMISM The oldest known type of belief system Still practiced in some societies Practice nature worship Everything in nature has a spirit Believe ancestors watch over the living from the spirit world Ancestor Worship: communicating with and showing respect to ancestors

  3. ANIMISM FOUNDER: no one person GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: developed simultaneously in different parts of the world CURRENTLY PRACTICED: Africa/Americas PLACES OF WORSHIP: outdoors in nature

  4. SHINTO “Way of the Gods” Religion that focuses on nature Similar to animism Teaches that there is sacredness of the whole universe and humans can be in tune with it Mountains, rivers, plants, animals have spirits called “kami” that inhabit them Also practice ancestor worship

  5. SHINTO ESTABLISHED: 500 BCE FOUNDER: Mixture of tribal religions GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: Japan CURRENTLY PRACTICED: Japan PLACES OF WORSHIP: Shrines located near places of impressive natural beauty SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE: Emperor of Japan- direct descendent of the sun goddess who created the islands of Japan

  6. Torii- Red Gateway

  7. HINDUISM Polytheistic Formed from a variety of different religious practices Salvation is achieved through the spiritual oneness of the soul Soul must achieve liberation from the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth All life is sacred and should not be harmed

  8. HINDUISM Reincarnation: process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding Influenced by Karma and Dharma Karma: actions resulting in consequences of previous actions Dharma: Fulfilling one’s duty in life

  9. HINDUISM Caste System: rigid class structure with religious justification If one leads a good life through good Karma and Dharma, they are rewarded by being reincarnated as a person in the next highest level. If one leads a wicked life, they can be demoted or overall removed and therefore “untouchable” with no hopes of return.

  10. Caste System

  11. HINDUISM FOUNDER: result of cultural diffusion between Aryan invaders and native people of India (about 1500 BCE) GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: Indian subcontinent PLACES OF WORSHIP: Hindu temples, usually practiced at home with a shrine dedicated to a favorite deity SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE: Hindu priests

  12. JUDAISM Oldest known monotheistic religion that it still practiced today Fundamentals have influenced Christianity and Islam One god is the creator of all things After Hebrew exodus from Egypt, Jews begin to lose faith Moses goes atop Mt. Sinai and retrieves two tablets containing laws that all should follow

  13. The Ten Commandments 1. You shall have no other gods before Me. 2. You shall not make yourself any graven image 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain 4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy 5. Honor your father and mother 6. You shall not commit murder 7. You shall not commit adultery 8. You shall not steal 9. You shall not witness falsely against your neighbor 10. You shall not covet thy neighbor’s house…

  14. JUDAISM FOUNDER: Abraham and Moses for his role in liberating the Hebrews GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: Middle East around present-day Israel CURRENTLY PRACTICED: Worldwide PLACES OF WORSHIP: Synagogues SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE: Rabbis are Jewish scholars who conduct religious services, serve as spiritual guide

  15. BUDDHISM Developed in India, some components of Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama- born into Brahmin class but doesn’t like the misery he sees Says desire is the root of all suffering Also believe in reincarnation- no caste system

  16. BUDDHISM FOUNDER: Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha, “enlightened one” GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: India CURRENTLY PRACTICED: Southeast Asia, Japan PLACES OF WORSHIP: Individually or temples and monasteries SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE: Buddhist monks

  17. FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS 1. Life is full of pain and suffering 2. Human desire causes this suffering 3. By putting an end to desire, humans can put an end to suffering 4. Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path

  18. EIGHTFOLD PATH • 1. Know that suffering is caused by desire • 2. Be selfless and love all life • 3. Do not lie, or speak without cause • 4. Do not steal, kill, or commit other unrighteous acts • 5. Do not things that promote evil • 6. Take effort to promote righteousness • 7. Be aware of your actions, physical state of mind, and emotions • 8. Learn to meditate

  19. CONFUCIANISM Confucius lived in China during the Chou dynasty a time of mass confusion and disorder He is appalled by what he sees in a fractured Chinese society Only cure is through social order and mutual respect Philosophy becomes known as Confucianism

  20. CONFUCIANISM FOUNDER: Kong Fu Zi (Confucius) GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: China 500 BCE CURRENTLY PRACTICED: elements of the philosophy are practiced in Southeast Asia Natural order to a society through five relationships:

  21. THE FIVE RELATIONSHIPS Ruler to ruled Father to son Older brother to younger brother Husband to wife Friend to friend If everyone knows their place in society, order will prevail Filial Piety?

  22. FILIEL PIETY One should respect their elders

  23. TAOISM Chinese philosophy developed later in Chou Dynasty during a time when it is unclear is Chinese civilization will survive Naturalistic ideal of how one should live Tao- “the way” People should accept the way of nature Emphasis placed on link between people and nature This link lessens the need for rule and order and better understanding of the world

  24. TAOISM FOUNDER: Lao Tze GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: China CURRENTLY PRACTICED: elements of the philosophy are still practiced in Southeast Asia

  25. Yin and Yang- Natural Harmony YIN Light Male Heavenly Active YANG Dark Female Earthly Passive Everything has an opposing force.

  26. CHRISTIANITY Currently most popular based on number of worshippers Monotheistic Developed from Judaism Also subscribe to the Ten Commandments Believe Jesus is the Son of God sent to redeem the world of sin Taught brotherhood, peace and charity, and importance of treating others with love and respect

  27. CHRISTIANITY FOUNDER: Jesus and disciples GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN: Middle East, present day Israel in 30CE PLACES OF WORSHIP: churches SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE: priests and ministers are Christian holy men and women who conduct religious services and are spiritual guides for their community.

  28. ISLAM “to submit to the will of Allah” Youngest of the major religions Monotheistic Muslims Currently second most practiced religion in the world, though might overtake Christianity in the 21st century

  29. ISLAM Prophet Mohammed Received word of Allah through the angel Gabriel while in Mecca People in Mecca are afraid of him and he flees to Medina where people believe him Mohammed and followers later return to Mecca and start a jihad. Capture the city Established Five Pillars of Islam

  30. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM 1. Confession of Faith- “There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet” 2. Prayer: Muslims must pray five times a day facing Mecca 3. Charity- Muslims must give alms to the poor 4. Fasting- during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Fast during daylight hours 5. Pilgrimage- if possible financially, each Muslim must take a hajj or holy pilgrimage to Mecca

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