140 likes | 262 Vues
Presentation by South Africa to AWG2 Initial views on ‘how to determine further emission limitation and reduction commitments’. AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON FURTHER COMMITMENTS FOR ANNEX I PARTIES UNDER THE KYOTO PROTOCOL In-session workshop at the second session 7 November 2006 Nairobi, Kenya.
E N D
Presentation by South Africa to AWG2Initial views on ‘how to determine further emission limitation and reduction commitments’ AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON FURTHER COMMITMENTS FOR ANNEX I PARTIES UNDER THE KYOTO PROTOCOL In-session workshop at the second session 7 November 2006 Nairobi, Kenya
Scenarios for stabilisation • Annex I Parties asked to provide information about “scenarios for the stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and on the implications of these scenarios”. • Recurring theme that annual emissions covered are a small share of global emissions • Valid observation needs to be put into perspectivecomparing relative contributions in cumulative rather than annual emissions • In historical terms and looking forward
Cumulative emissions matter “The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is determined more by cumulative rather than by year-by-year emissions.” IPCC Third Assessment Report (TS p. 61)
Annual Emission Data, 2002 Annual CO2 emissions of developing and developed countries - developed countries emitted 14 058 Mt CO2 (59%) - developing countries emitted 9 606 Mt CO2 (41%) Data source: Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT), WRI, Washington, DC, http://cait.wri.org
Cumulative Emission Data, 1900-2000 Cumulative CO2 emissions - developed countries emitted 741.3 Gt CO2 (77%) - developing countries emitted 220.6 Gt CO2 (23%) Data source: CAIT
Article 3.9 • Has very clear focus • “Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I” established by amendments to Annex B • What are reasons why this is important? • And what information might be needed?
Threats of serious or irreversible damages • The reason why we are here • If there were lack of ambition adverse impacts of climate change will affect all, but most particularly LDCs • Millions of lives at risk in Africa • Need more urgent action • conclude the work of the AWG by 2008
Secure carbon markets • Carbon markets essential for cost-effective climate action • Point Carbon 2006 report – estimated transactions • CDM 397 Mt CO2eq • EU ETS 362 Mt CO2eq • JI 28 Mt CO2eq • How has CDM already assisted Annex B Parties in achieving their goals for 1st commitment period • No gap to 2nd commitment period
Funding for adaptation • CDM share of proceeds flows to Adaptation Fund • 2% of 1.9 billion of CERs transacted = € 38 million • More than contributions to the Special Climate Change Fund (as of April 2006) • And yet still orders of magnitude smaller than what is required
How much do we need to know to take action? • Precautionary approach should be applied to the AWG process • Lack of full certainty on all issues not a reason for postponing urgent action • Possible to draw on what we already know • Gather other information within the time-frame set by decision 1/CMP.1 • Without raising other issues that are not necessary to come to a decision
Updating Annex B • SA welcomes tabling of specific numbers by some Annex B Parties and regional economic integration organizations • Would like to learn more about the information used to determine quantified emission reductions for subsequent periods • Encourage other Parties included in Annex I to do the same, even where there may be uncertainty, provide specific numbers