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2. Cognitive Approach to Mind

3. Different Conceptual Approaches Share assumption: lawful regularities between inputs and outputs (S – R)

4. Different Conceptual Approaches Share assumption: lawful regularities between inputs and outputs (S – R) • Behaviorism – A Black Box Approach

6. Different Conceptual Approaches Share assumption: lawful regularities between inputs and outputs (S – R) • Behaviorism – A Black Box Approach • Cognitivism – A White Box Approach • Infer the process!

7. Cognitive Concepts • Representations

8. Cognitive Concepts • Representations • Mental Level of Explanation

9. Cognitive Concepts • Representations • Mental Level of Explanation • Binary Intelligence

11. L – L = A L – R = B R – L = B R – R = C

12. L – L = A 1 + 1 = 2 L – R = B 1 + 2 = 3 R – L = B 2 + 1 = 3 R – R = C 2 + 2 = 4

13. 648326540457630463 + 2989454578379 = ?

14. Methodology • Mental Inference (Deduction) • Statement of facts • How can facts be as they are? • Attribute as much as possible to observables Clever Hans • Infer unobservable process: • List of competing hypotheses • Experimental hypothesis testing • Achieve tentative satisfaction

15. Sternberg’s Memory Search • Task: random list of single digit numbers • Lists visually presented • Delay • Target: a digit that was or was not on list • DV: Reaction Time

16. 3 4 6 2 7 5 9 8

18. 7

19. Explanations • Minds Eye • Examine entire list at once • Self-Terminating Serial Search • Scan memory of digits serially until • Target found • Or end of list • Exhaustive Serially Search • Scan entire list

20. Predictions ME ST Ex • List Length • Target Location • Target + or -

21. Predictions MESTEx • List Length no yes/no yes • Target Location no yes no • Target + or - no yes no

22. Which hypothesis is Correct? • Exhaustive Serial Search

23. Problem Solving

24. Three boxes, only one label is true, where is the Gold? No Gold No Gold Gold in 2

25. Three boxes, only one label is true, where is the Gold? False True False No Gold No Gold Gold in 2

26. 2 9 3 1 8 4 3 6 5 7 ?

27. 2 9 3 1 8 4 3 6 5 7 2 3 4 5 9 18 36 72

28. RULE: If a vowel is on one side, there must be an even number on the other side. e 4 m 7

29. Who do you have to check to be sure no one < 21 is drinking beer? Beer 21 water 18

30. 1.) Candle Problem 2.) Tumor problem

31. You have two buckets; one holds 5 gallons the other 7 gallons. You need to measure out exactly 4 gallons.

32. Tower of Hanoi

33. Tower of Hanoi • Three pegs • Three Discs: Large medium: Small • Start with all three discuss on peg 1 in order from top: small, medium, large • Move all discs to peg 3, one at a time: • Never put larger disc on top of smaller disc • What are the fewest moves possible?