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FOTOSINTESIS

FOTOSINTESIS. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. FOTOSINTESIS PHOTOSYTHESIS. Standar Kompetensi : Gold: Memahami system dalam kehidupan tumbuhan . understand the system in the plant life. Kompetensi Dasar : Objectives:

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FOTOSINTESIS

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  1. FOTOSINTESIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  2. FOTOSINTESIS PHOTOSYTHESIS

  3. StandarKompetensi: Gold: Memahami system dalamkehidupantumbuhan. understand the system in the plant life. KompetensiDasar: Objectives: Mendeskripsikanprosesperolehannutrisidantransformasi energy padatumbuhanhijau. Describe the process in obtaining nutrient acquisition and transforming energy of green plants.

  4. INDIKATOR INDICATOR • Menjelaskan definisi fotosintesis • Menunjukkan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang berperan dalam fotosintesis • Menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fotosintesis • Melakukan percobaan tentang fotosintesis. • Explaining the definition of photosynthesis • Shows the parts of plants that play a role in photosynthesis • Describes factors that affect photosynthesis • Conducting experiments on photosynthesis.

  5. Apakahtumbuhanmemerlukanmakanansepertihalnyahewandanmanusia? Bagaimanacaratumbuhanmemperolehmakanan? Do plants need food as well as animals and humans? How do plants get food? Padapelajarankelas Xtentangekosistem, dijelaskanbahwadalamrantaimakanan, tumbuhanhijaumemegangperananpenting karenabertindaksebagaiprodusen yang dapatmenghasilkanmakanannyasendiri. In lesson of grade X about ecosystem, it is explained that in food chains, green plants hold important role because they act as producer that can produce their own food.

  6. A. PengertianFotosintesisDefinision of photosintesis Fotosintesisadalahpemanfaatan energy cahayamatahari (cahayamataharibuatan) olehtumbuhanberhijaudaun ataubakteriuntukmengubahkarbondioksidadan air menjadikarbohidrat. Perhatikangambar 1. Photosynthesis is the use of sunlight (artificial sunligt) by chlorophyllose plants or bacteria to change carbon dioxide and water to be carbohydrate. Consider figure 1. 1.Euglena 2.Cyanobacteria 3. Hydrilla

  7. Tanamanhijaumenggunakanpigmen yang disebutklorofiluntukmengubahenergisinarmataharimenjadienergikimia. • Tanamanmengambildanmenggabungkanenergicahayadenganenammolekulkarbondioksidadanenammolekul air untukmembentuksatumolekulglukosadanenammolekuloksigen. • Green plants use a pigment called chlorophyll to convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy. • The plant takes the light energy and combines it with six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water to form one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen.

  8. Oksigenadalahproduksampingandarifotosintesis. Tanamanjugadapatmenyimpanenergiuntukpenggunaanmasadepan. Padadasarnya, prosesinimembuatmakanandarienergi. • Gula yang dihasilkanolehfotosintesisdigunakansecaralangsungdalamrespirasi. Biasanya, fotosintesisakanmenghasilkanlebihbanyakglukosadaripada yang dibutuhkanolehtanaman. • Oxygen is the by-product of photosynthesis. The plant can also store the energy for future use. Basically, this process makes food out of energy. • Sugars produced by photosynthesis are used directly in respiration. Usually, photosynthesis will produce more glucose than is needed by the plant.

  9. Perhatikanreaksifotosintesisdibawahini! Consider the reaction of photosintesis below! energimatahari Sun energy 6H2O + 6CO2C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2Oklorofil Chlorofyl

  10. Pada proses fotosintesis, energi dihasilkan dari cahaya matahari yang diserap oleh klorofil. Energi tersebut digunakan untuk memecah molekul air menjadi oksigen dan hidrogen. Oksigen dikeluarkan oleh daun, meskipun sebagian digunakan untuk bernapas. Hidrogen bergabung dengan karbon dioksida membentuk glukosa. In photosynthesis process, energy is produced by sunlight that is absorbed by chlorophyll. The energy is used to break down water molecule to be oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is released by leaves, eventhough some part are used to breath. Hydrogen unites with carbon dioxide to form glucose.

  11. B. TempatdanAlatFotosintesisSite and Tool of photosintesis Di bagianmanakahFotosintesisberlangsung? Padaumumnya, “pabrik” tempatfotosintesisadalahdaun. Fotosintesisberlangsungpadajaringantiang (Palisade) danjaringanbungakarang (Spons). In which part does photosynthesis occur? Generally, “the factory” as the location of photosynthesis is leaf.Photosynthesis occurs in palisade parenchyma and sponghyma.

  12. Jaringan tiang dan bunga karang merupakan bagian yang disebut daging daun (mesofil). Di dalam sel-selnya terdapat banyak organel berbentuk bulat atau lonjong yang berwarna hijau, disebut kloroplas. Kloroplas banyak terdapat pada mesofil, terutama pada jaringan tiang. Palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma are the middle parts of the leaf that are also known as mesophyll. Their cells contain many green concentric or oval organelles called chloroplast. Chloroplast can can be found in mesophyll, aspecially in palisade layer.

  13. Gambar 3. FotosintesisTanaman Plant Photosynthesis 1. internal leaf structure 2. chloroplasts 3. outer membrane 4. inner membrane 5. thylakoid

  14. C. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses FotosintesisFactors That Influence Photosintesis Process • Fotosintesis di pengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, baik faktor dari dalam maupun faktor dari luar. Factor dari dalam, antara lain: Umur daun, Keadaan stomata, kandungan khlorofil dan Jenis tumbuhan. • Photosyntesis is influenced by many factor,both internal and external factor.the internal factors are: Leaf age, Condition of stomata, and Plant species.

  15. C. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses FotosintesisFactors That Influence Photosintesis Process Factor dariluar,antara lain: • Kadar konsentrasi CO2 • Ketersediaan air, • Kelembapandansuhuudara,serta • Keadaancahaya (intesitas,lama,danwarna cahaya). • The external factors are: • Concentration level of CO2 and O2. • Water availability • Humidity and temperature, and • Light condition (intensity, duration, and color of light)

  16. D. Percobaan FotosintesisExperiment on Photosyntesis • Jan Ingenhousz & percobaannya Jan Ingenhousz & his eksperiment Percobaannyamenunjukantigahalpenting, yaitu: • Gas yang dikeluarkanolehtumbuhanituternyataadalahO2. • Cahayamataharidibutuhkanuntukprosesfotosintesis • Bagian yang berhijaudaunsaja yang mengeluarkanO2. • There are three important things resulted from the experiment, which are: • The gas released by plant is O2. • Sunlight is needed in the process, and • Only the green part release O2

  17. E. TahapanFotosintesis Stages of photosynthesis • Padadasarnya, fotosintesisterjadidalamduatahapan, yaitureaksiterangdanreaksigelap. • Basically, photosynthesis occurs in two stages, which are liht reaction and dark reaction.

  18. 6 molekulberatom C6 yang tidakstabilitukemudianpecahmenjadi 12 molekulberatom C3 yang dikenaldengan3-asam fosfogliserat(APG/PGA). • Selanjutnya, 3-asam fosfogliseratinimendapattambahan 12 gugusfosfat, danmembentuk1,3-bifosfogliserat (PGA 1.3 biphosphat). • Kemudian, 1,3-bifosfogliserat masukkedalamfasereduksi, dimanasenyawainidireduksioleh H+dari NADPH, yang kemudianberubahmenjadi NADP+, danterbentuklah 12 molekulfosfogliseraldehid (PGAL) yang beratom 3C. • Selanjutnyaterjadisintesa , 2 molekulfosfogliseraldehidmelepaskandiridanmenyatukandirimenjadi 1 molekulglukosa yang beratom 6C (C6H12O6). • 10 molekulfosfogliseraldehid yang tersisakemudianmasukkedalamfaseregenerasi, yaitupembentukankembaliribulosadifosfat.(RDP/RuBP) • Padafaseini, 10 molekulfosfogliseraldehidberubahmenjadi 6 molekulribulosafosfat. Jikamendapattambahangugusfosfat, makaribulosafosfatakanberubahmenjadiribulosadifosfat (RDP), • RDP/RuBPkemudiankembaliakanmengikat CO2lagi , begitusetrusnya • Padafasefiksasi, 6 molekulribulosadifosfatmengikat 6 molekul CO2dariudaradanmembentuk 6 molekulberatom C6 yang tidakstabil

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