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Salmon

Salmon. Salmon. Anadromous – which means they live in the ocean and spawn in fresh water. 4-5 year life span. Five species: Chinook/King Coho/Silver Sockeye Chum/Keta Pink. Catadromous - ?. History of Salmon in the Pacific Northwest.

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Salmon

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  1. Salmon

  2. Salmon • Anadromous – which means they live in the ocean and spawn in fresh water. • 4-5 year life span. • Five species: • Chinook/King • Coho/Silver • Sockeye • Chum/Keta • Pink Catadromous - ?

  3. History of Salmon in the Pacific Northwest • 1800 - Up to 16 Million Salmon and Steelhead Return Each Year to the Columbia and Snake Rivers (350,000 est. 2012) • 1859 - First Irrigation Project Established in Columbia River Basin • 1878 - First Hatchery Established in Columbia River Basin, located on Clackamas River

  4. Con’t • 1880s-1890s - Effects of Mining, Logging, Farming, and Fishing Become Apparent in Declining Salmon Runs • 1887 - Congress Directs U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to Investigate Causes of Declining Salmon Runs • 1912 - Ocean Commercial Trolling for Salmon Begins

  5. Con’t • 1938 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Completes Bonneville Dam with Fish Passage Facilities • 1941 - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Begins Operating Grand Coulee Dam, Closing Upper Columbia River Basin to Salmon Migration • 1956 - Native American Fishery at Celilo Falls Flooded by The Dalles Dam

  6. Bonneville fish ladders

  7. Con’t • 1961 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Begins Operating Ice Harbor Dam on Snake River • 1967 - Idaho Power Company Completes Hells Canyon Dam, Blocking Salmon From Upper Snake River • 1975 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Begins Operating Lower Granite Dam, Columbia River Basin's Last Federal Dam

  8. Con’t • 1991-1992 - National Marine Fisheries Service Lists Snake River Sockeye as Endangered Species and Snake River Spring, Summer, and Fall Chinook as Threatened, Later Changed to Endangered • 1994 - Ocean Salmon Fishing Banned for First Time Off Northern Oregon and Washington Coasts • 1995 - Federal Government Dictates that More Water in Columbia and Snake Rivers Must be Used for Salmon Instead of Power Production and Irrigation

  9. Breaching the Ice Harbor Dam Before After

  10. Adipose Fin Clip

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