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4. The Nixon Administration The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 The Ford Administration The Carter Administration The Reagan Administration ] Reagan's Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Conclusion: Political Crises in the 70s and 80s The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989(continued) ] The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > The Nixon Administration The Nixon Administration • The Nixon Administration • Vietnam Becomes Nixon's War • Nixon and Foreign Policy • Nixon in China • Nixon and the Economy • Civil Rights Under Nixon • The Election of 1972 • Watergate Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-nixon-administration-224/

7. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > The Ford Administration The Ford Administration • The Ford Inauguration • The Election of 1976 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-ford-administration-226/

8. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > The Carter Administration The Carter Administration • The Carter Administration • Domestic Policies • Foreign Policies • Economic Stagnation • The Iranian Crisis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-carter-administration-227/

9. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > The Reagan Administration The Reagan Administration • The Reagan Administration • The Election of 1980 • Free Enterprise Economics and Reaganomics • Battles in the Courts and Congress • The Gay Rights Movement • The Election of 1984 • The Poor, the Homeless, and the Victims of AIDS Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/

10. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > Reagan's Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold... Reagan's Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War • The Defense Buildup and the "Evil Empire" • The Middle East • Central America • The End of the Cold War • The Cold War's Costs and Consequences Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/reagan-s-foreign-policy-and-the-end-of-the-cold-war-1467/

11. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 > Conclusion: Political Crises in the 70s and 80s Conclusion: Political Crises in the 70s and 80s • Conclusion: Political Crises in the 70s and 80s Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/conclusion-political-crises-in-the-70s-and-80s-1553/

12. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Key terms • "Trickle-Down Economics"A term in United States politics that refers to the idea that tax breaks or other economic benefits provided by government to businesses and the wealthy will benefit poorer members of society by improving the economy as a whole. • 1973 Oil CrisisAn event that started in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) proclaimed an embargo on oil, causing its price to quadruple by 1974. • ACT UPThe AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power; an advocacy group for people with AIDS and HIV-related illnesses, founded in 1987 on the premise of direct action. It is best known for its dramatic protests during the peak of the AIDS crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s. • affirmative actionA policy or program providing advantages for people of a minority group who have been historically and institutionally discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society through preferential access to education, employment, health care, social welfare, etc. • affirmative actionA policy or program providing advantages for people of a minority group who have been traditionally discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society, through preferential access to education, employment, health care, social welfare, etc. • Anti-Ballistic Missile TreatyAn agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union, signed in 1972, on the limitation of the weapons systems used in defending areas against nuclear weapons. • Arthur LafferAn American economist who first gained prominence during the Reagan administration as a member of Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board (1981-1989); best known for his illustration of the theory that there exists some tax rate between 0% and 100% that will result in maximum tax revenue for governments. • Augusto PinochetAugusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet, (November 25, 1915-December 10, 2006), was an army general and dictator of Chile, from 1973 until transferring power to a democratically elected president in 1990. He was the commander-in-chief of the Chilean army from 1973 to 1998, and president of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981. He assumed power in a coup d'état on September 11, 1973 that overthrew the government of Salvador Allende. • Ayatollah KhomeiniAn Iranian religious leader and politician and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the shah of Iran. Following the revolution, he became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. • Beirut Barracks BombingAn attack that occurred during the Lebanese Civil War, when two truck bombs struck separate buildings housing United States and French military forces (members of the Multinational Force in Lebanon), killing 299 American and French servicemen. • bipolarA distribution of power in which two states have the majority of economic, military, and cultural influence, internationally or regionally. • buggingInstalling a covert listening device, usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • Cambodian CampaignA series of military operations conducted in during mid-1970 by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. • Carter DoctrineA policy proclaimed by the U.S. President in 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region. • contraA label given to the various rebel groups, active from 1979 through to the early 1990s, that opposed the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua. • contraA label given to the various rebel groups, active from 1979 through to the early 1990s, opposing the Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua. • Deep SouthA descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the American south. • Deep ThroatThe pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information to Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of The Washington Post in 1972 about the involvement of Nixon's administration in the Watergate scandal; thirty-one years after Nixon's resignation, he was revealed to be former Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director Mark Felt. • Department of EnergyA Cabinet-level area of government in the United States concerned with U.S. policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material. • Department of EnergyA Cabinet-level area of government in the United States concerned with U.S. policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material. • deregulationThe process of removing constraints, especially government-imposed economic constraints. • détenteA term used in reference to the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, which began in 1969. • détenteA term often used in reference to the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, beginning in 1969 as a foreign policy of U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. • détenteA term often used in reference to the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, beginning in 1969. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • détenteA term often used in reference to the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, beginning in 1969. • DétenteA relaxing of tension between major powers, especially the particular thawing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States following the Cold War. • détenteA term used to describe the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States beginning in 1969, as a foreign policy of U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. • DétenteA relaxing of tension between major powers, especially the particular thawing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States following the Cold War. • Energy Crisis of 1979An event of major oil shortages in the United States that occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution, which disrupted Iranian oil production and export. • Equal Rights Ammendment (ERA)A proposal to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. • Federal DeficitThe United States public debt; the money borrowed by the government of the United States at any one time through the issue of securities by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. • Federal Reserve BoardThe main governing body charged with overseeing the 12 District Reserve Banks, and with helping implement U.S. national monetary policy. • fraggingA term used to describe the deliberate killing or attempted killing of a soldier by a fellow soldier, usually a superior officer or non-commissioned officer. • Gay Liberation movementA social movement of the late 1960s and early to mid 1970s that urged lesbians and gay men to "come out" by publicly revealing their sexuality to family, friends, and colleagues as a form of activism, and to counter shame with gay pride. • George H. W. BushAn American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States (1989-1993); he had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981-1989), a congressman, an ambassador, and a Director of Central Intelligence. • George McGovernA historian, author, and former U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee in the 1972 presidential election. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • George WallaceAn American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served four nonconsecutive terms: 1963-1967, 1971-1979, and 1983-1987. • Gerald FordThe 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States from 1973 to 1974. • Global Positioning SystemA space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more satellites; it is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a receiver. • Henry KissengerHeinz Alfred "Henry" Kissinger is a German-born American writer, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, he served as National Security Advisor, and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. • Henry KissingerA German-born American writer, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman who served as National Security Advisor, and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. • HezbollahA radical political and military Shi'ite Muslim organization that arose after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. • Iran-Contra AffairA political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan administration, in which senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of weapons to Iran, and used the funds to support anti-Communist armed forces in Nicaragua. • Iranian RevolutionEvents involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. • Jimmy CarterAn American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977-1981), and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. • Malta SummitA meeting between U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, taking place between December 2-3 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall. • Mao ZedongA Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, anti-imperialist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution; the architect and founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949. He held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976. • McGovern CommissionA group created in response to the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • Mikhail GorbachevA former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. • Mikhail GorbachevA former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. • Mohammad Reza PahlaviThe last shah of Iran, ruling from September 16, 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on February 11, 1979. • National Energy ActA 1978 legislative response by the U.S. Congress to the 1973 energy crisis that included four statutes related to conservation. • New FederalismA political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states; the restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power they had lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. • Nixon DoctrineA statement put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969, by the President of the United States, in which he stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. • Philadelphia PlanA legislative act that required federal contractors to meet certain goals for the hiring of African American employees by specific dates, in order to combat institutionalized discrimination by specific skilled building trades unions. • Philadelphia PlanAn act of legislation, revised in 1969, that required federal contractors to meet certain goals for the hiring of African American employees by specific dates, in order to combat institutionalized discrimination on the part of specific skilled building trades unions. • Price FreezeAn economy-wide tool to control costs, most commonly instituted as a response to inflation, and usually below market level, as part of an incomes policy. • proclamation 4311An act that gave former President Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he may have committed against the United States while president. • proxy warA war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly. • Reagan DemocratsTraditionally Democratic voters, especially white working-class Northerners, who defected from their party to support Republican President Ronald Reagan in both the 1980 and 1984 elections. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • ReaganomicsThe economic ideas and policies of American President Ronald Reagan and his two administrations (1981-1989). • ReaganomicsThe economic ideas and policies of American President Ronald Reagan and his two administrations (1981-1989). • Robert BorkAn American legal scholar who has advocated the judicial philosophy of originalism. He served as a Yale Law School professor, Solicitor General, Acting Attorney General, and judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was nominated in 1987 to the Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, but was rejected by the Senate. • SandinistaA socialist political party in Nicaragua that was communist in the 1980s. • School of the AmericasA U.S. Army training facility, subsequently officially known as the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation. • Soviet Invasion of AfghanistanA conflict that began in December 1979 when USSR leader Brezhnev deployed troops, starting a 9-year war. • Spiro AgnewThe 39th Vice President of the United States (1969-1973), serving under President Richard Nixon, and the 55th Governor of Maryland (1967-1969). • stagflationInflation accompanied by stagnant growth, unemployment, or recession. • stare decisisA legal principle by which judges are obliged to respect the precedents established by prior decisions. • Strategic Defense InitiativeA system proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983, to use ground- and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. • superpowerA sovereign state with dominant status on the globe and a very advanced military, especially the Soviet Union or United States. • VietnamizationA policy of the Richard M. Nixon administration during the Vietnam War, as a result of the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • Wage CutAn economy-wide tool to manage wages, most commonly as a response to inflation, and usually below market level, as part of an incomes policy. • Walter MondaleAn American Democratic Party politician who served as the 42nd Vice President of the United States (1977-1981) under President Jimmy Carter, and as a United States Senator from Minnesota (1964-1976); he was the Democratic Party's presidential candidate in the United States presidential election of 1984. • Warren CourtThe Supreme Court of the United States between 1953 and 1969. It led a liberal majority that used judicial power in dramatic fashion to the consternation of conservative opponents. During this time, civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the federal power were expanded in dramatic ways. • WatergateAn American political scandal in 1972 that eventually led to the resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon. • Watergate ComplexA group of five buildings in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. in the United States; headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in 1972. • Yom Kippur WarA war fought from October 6-25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Official seal of the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, also known as the School of the Americas The C.I.A., U.S. military advisers, and the U.S.-based School of the Americas trained the Latin American Armed Forces in torture and assassination techniques in order to combat "radical populism." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."WHISC logo."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WHISC_logo.jpgView on Boundless.com

21. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Carter leaving Three Mile Island for Middletown, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1979 The Three Mile Island accident was a partial nuclear meltdown that occurred at the Three Mile Island power plant in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania on March 28, 1979. It was the worst accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history, and resulted in the release of small amounts of radioactive gases and radioactive iodine into the environment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Carter leaving Three Mile Island."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carter_leaving_Three_Mile_Island.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Silence=Death: The AIDS crisis The pink triangle was originally used in Nazi concentration camps to identify acts of homosexuality. Reclaimed by gay activists in New York as a symbol of resistance and solidarity during the 1970s, it was further transformed as a symbol of governmental inaction in the face of the AIDS epidemic during the 1980s. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."CNX_History_31_02_Silence.jpg."CC BY 4.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:KHXugkuN@3/Political-and-Cultural-FusionsView on Boundless.com

23. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Nixon Addresses the Nation about U.S. Incursions into Cambodia Nixon launched a bombing campaign in Cambodia with mixed results. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Nixon Cambodia."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nixon_Cambodia.jpgView on Boundless.com

24. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev and President Nixon (with a translator), 1973 Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev during the latter's visit to the United States in 1973. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Foreign_policyView on Boundless.com

25. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Nixon Meets with President Johnson, 1968 President Nixon inherited a mixed legacy from President Johnson, including the unpopular Vietnam War and the ambitious Great Society programs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Nixon administration."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration%23Presidency_.281969.E2.80.9374.29View on Boundless.com

26. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 First Lady Pat Nixon Tours Begjing during the Presidential Visit to China Cameras followed First Lady Nixon's tour of Beijing, allowing Americans their first glimpse of Chinese society (albeit one scripted by the Chinese authorities). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1972 Nixon visit to China."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Nixon_visit_to_ChinaView on Boundless.com

27. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Richard Nixon at Opening Day of the Washington Senator's Baseball Season, 1969 Nixon was far more concerned with foreign policy than domestic policy, but viewed improvement of the economy as central to his popularity at home. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Nixon Opening Day 1969 Two."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nixon_Opening_Day_1969_Two.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 George Shultz, President Nixon's Secretary of Labor Secretary Shultz was influential in Nixon's school integration and affirmative action policies. Shultz would later serve as Secretary of State under Ronald Reagan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."George Shultz."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_ShultzView on Boundless.com

29. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Nixon's Reelection Campaign On the 1968 campaign trail, Richard Nixon flashes his famous “V for Victory” gesture (a). Nixon’s strategy was to appeal to working- and middle-class suburbanites. This image of him in the White House bowling alley seems calculated to appeal to his core constituency (b). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Open Stax."CNX_History_30_02_Bowling.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:C_jBor7o@3/Coming-Apart-Coming-TogetherView on Boundless.com

30. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Watergate Apartment Complex, Washington D.C. Despite his substantial lead in the polls, President Nixon was paranoid enough on the cusp of the 1972 election to authorize a burglary of Democratic National Committee Headquarters at the Watergate Apartment Complex on May 28th and June 17th. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Watergate burglaries."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_burglariesView on Boundless.com

31. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Nixon and Transcripts President Nixon, with edited transcripts of Nixon White House Tape conversations during the broadcast of his address to the nation (April 29, 1974). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Nixon edited transcripts."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nixon_edited_transcripts.jpgView on Boundless.com

32. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Mr. and Mrs. Ford with Mr. and Mrs. Nixon 1973 Gerald and Betty Ford with the president and First Lady Pat Nixon, after President Nixon nominated Ford to be vice president, October 13, 1973. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."ford-and-nixon-13-oct-1973.jpeg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mr._and_Mrs._Ford_and_Nixon_13_Oct_1973.jpgView on Boundless.com

33. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Carter and Ford in a Debate, September 23, 1976 President Gerald Ford and Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter meet at the Walnut Street Theater in Philadelphia to debate domestic policy during the first of the three Ford-Carter Debates. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Carter and Ford in a debate, September 23, 1976."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carter_and_Ford_in_a_debate,_September_23,_1976.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 James Carter Presidential Portrait Jimmy Carter served as the thirty-ninth President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."James E. Carter - portrait."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_E._Carter_-_portrait.jpgView on Boundless.com

35. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Carter and Brezhnev Sign SALT II President Jimmy Carter and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Carter Brezhnev sign SALT II."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpgView on Boundless.com

36. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 The Release of the Hostages The 52 American hostages return from Iran in January 1981. They had been held for 444 days. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."CNX_History_30_05_Hostages.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:n8t1hRY9@3/Jimmy-Carter-in-the-Aftermath-View on Boundless.com

37. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Paul Volcker Paul Volcker, former Chairperson of the President Carter's Economic Recovery Advisory Board. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Paulvolcker."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paulvolcker.jpgView on Boundless.com

38. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Electoral College 1984 1984 presidential electoral votes by state. Reagan (red) won every state except for Mondale's home state of Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. (blue). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."ElectoralCollege1984."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1984.svgView on Boundless.com

39. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Silence = Death: The AIDS Crisis The pink triangle was originally used in Nazi concentration camps to identify those there for acts of homosexuality. Reclaimed by gay activists in New York as a symbol of resistance and solidarity during the 1970s, it was further transformed as a symbol of governmental inaction in the face of the AIDS epidemic during the 1980s. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Open Stax."CNX_History_31_02_Silence.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:KHXugkuN@3/Political-and-Cultural-FusionsView on Boundless.com

40. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Reagan's stance on Socialism In 1961, when Congress began to explore nationwide health insurance for the elderly under Social Security, Reagan made a recording for the American Medical Association in which he denounced the idea (which was later adopted as Medicare) as “socialized medicine.” Such a program, Reagan warned his listeners, was the first step to the nation’s demise as a free society. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."CNX_History_31_01_SocMed.jpg."CC BY-SA 4.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:5voT8wBl@3/The-Reagan-RevolutionView on Boundless.com

41. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Reagan 1980 Campaign Reagan campaigns with wife Nancy and Senator Strom Thurmond (right) in South Carolina, 1980. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Reagan 1980 campaign."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_1980_campaign.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Reagan's Address on Taxes Ronald Reagan's televised address from the Oval Office, in which he outlined his plan for tax reduction legislation; July 1981. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Ronald Reagan televised address from the Oval Office, outlining plan for Tax Reduction Legislation July 1981."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_televised_address_from_the_Oval_Office,_outlining_plan_for_Tax_Reduction_Legislation_July_1981.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Reagan with Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork, 1987 Reagan nominated conservative jurist Robert Bork to the high court. Within 45 minutes of Bork's nomination to the Court, Ted Kennedy (D-MA) took to the Senate floor with a strong condemnation of Bork in a nationally televised speech. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Reagan with Robert Bork 1987."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_with_Robert_Bork_1987.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing The Beirut barracks bombing resulted in the deaths of 241 American servicemen, and the wounding of more than 60 others by a suicide truck bomber. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Beirutbarr."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beirutbarr.jpgView on Boundless.com

45. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Reagan and Gorbachev Hold Discussions Reagan and Gorbachev built a close relationship and contributed greatly to the peaceful end of the Cold War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Reagan and Gorbachev hold discussions."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_and_Gorbachev_hold_discussions.jpgView on Boundless.com

46. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Rates of incarceration in the United States, 1920-2012 This graph of the number of people in jail, prison, and juvenile detention by decade in the United States shows the huge increase in incarceration during the war on drugs that began in the 1980s, during the Reagan administration. (Prisons are long-term state or federal facilities; jails are local, short-term facilities.) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."CNX_History_31_02_Prison.jpg."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:KHXugkuN@3/Political-and-Cultural-FusionsView on Boundless.com

47. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 President Reagan Addressing British Parliament, London, June 8, 1982 Reagan, the first American president ever to address the British Parliament, predicted Marxism-Leninism would be left on the "ash-heap of history." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."President Reagan addressing British Parliament, London, June 8, 1982."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Reagan_addressing_British_Parliament,_London,_June_8,_1982.jpgView on Boundless.com

48. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 Attribution • Wikipedia."Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20Invasion%20of%20Afghanistan • Wikipedia."Department of Energy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Energy • Wikipedia."Presidency of Jimmy Carter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter • Wikipedia."Presidency of Jimmy Carter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter • Wikipedia."Jimmy Carter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter • Wiktionary."stagflation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stagflation • OpenStax CNX."Jimmy Carter."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:n8t1hRY9@3/Jimmy-Carter-in-the-Aftermath- • Wikipedia."Gerald Ford."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Ford • Wikipedia."Gerald Ford."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford%23Accession • Wikipedia."proclamation 4311."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/proclamation%204311 • Wikipedia."Spiro Agnew."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro%20Agnew • Wikipedia."Nixon administration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration%23Presidency_.281969.E2.80.9374.29 • Wikipedia."Nixon administration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration%23Presidency_.281969.E2.80.9374.29 • Wikipedia."Vietnamization."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamization • Wikipedia."Nixon administration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration%23Presidency_.281969.E2.80.9374.29 • Wiktionary."affirmative action."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affirmative_action • Wikipedia."Philadelphia Plan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20Plan Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

49. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • Wiktionary."Mikhail Gorbachev."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mikhail+Gorbachev • Wikipedia."Ronald reagan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_reagan • Wiktionary."Reaganomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reaganomics • Wiktionary."deregulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deregulation • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Vietnam_War • Wikipedia."Cambodian Campaign."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian%20Campaign • Wikipedia."Nixon Doctrine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon%20Doctrine • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Vietnam_War • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Vietnam_War • Wikipedia."Role of the United States in the Vietnam War."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War%23Vietnamization.2C_1969.E2.80.931975 • Wikipedia."Yom Kippur War."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom%20Kippur%20War • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Foreign_policy • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Foreign_policy • Wikipedia."Nixon Doctrine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine • Wikipedia."Henry Kissenger."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Kissenger • Wikipedia."Augusto Pinochet."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto%20Pinochet • Wikipedia."Ronald Reagan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan%23End_of_the_Cold_War • Wikipedia."Malta Summit."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta%20Summit • Wikipedia."Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration%23End_of_the_Cold_War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

50. The Conservative Turn of America: 1968–1989 • Wikipedia."Detente."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detente • Wiktionary."Mikhail Gorbachev."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mikhail+Gorbachev • OpenStax CNX."A New World Order."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:OCsuwNr2@3/A-New-World-Order • Wikipedia."National Energy Act."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Energy%20Act • Wikipedia."1973 Oil Crisis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%20Oil%20Crisis • Wikipedia."Department of Energy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Energy • Wikipedia."Presidency of Jimmy Carter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter • OpenStax CNX."Jimmy Carter."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:n8t1hRY9@3/Jimmy-Carter-in-the-Aftermath- • Wikipedia."Jimmy Carter."CC BY 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter • Wikipedia."Presidency of Jimmy Carter."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter • Wikipedia."Carter Doctrine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter%20Doctrine • OpenStax CNX."Jimmy Carter."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/p7ovuIkl@3.30:n8t1hRY9@3/Jimmy-Carter-in-the-Aftermath- • Wikipedia."Election of 1984."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election%20of%201984 • Wikipedia."Reagan Democrats."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan%20Democrats • Wikipedia."Reagan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan%231984_presidential_campaign • Wikipedia."Walter Mondale."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Mondale • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Economy • Wikipedia."Richard Nixon."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon%23Economy • Wikipedia."New Federalism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Federalism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com