Stage 1 Disinfectants & Disinfection Byproducts Rule

1. If you do not have a copy of the Stage 1 DBPR handouts, a copy can be downloaded from the Encounter Collaborative meeting page:https://ei.e2c.com/enc/enc-pc.pmtg

2. Stage 1 Disinfectants & Disinfection Byproducts Rule U.S. EPA Webcast Training Session April 27, 2005

3. Poll: Are you responsible for implementing Stage 1 DBPR? • [PlaceWare Multiple Choice Poll. Use PlaceWare > Edit Slide Properties... to edit.] • Yes • No • Not applicable

4. Why Stage 1 DBPR? Why Now? State Request Stage 1 Training for . . . EPA Oversight Visits Identified Problems with . . .

5. Why Stage 1 DBPR? Why Now? State Request Stage 1 Training for . . . EPA Oversight Visits Identified Problems with . . . Calculating Compliance Routine, Reduced, and Increased Monitoring Understanding TOC Requirements

6. Stage 1 DBPR Purpose and Scope • Purpose: Increase public protection from disinfection by products (DBPs) by reducing the exposure to TTHMs, HAA5, bromate, and chlorite. • Scope: • Applies to all public water systems that add a chemical disinfectant • Except for transient systems that add a disinfectant other than chlorine dioxide • Addresses both acute and non-acute health effects

7. Risk: microbial contamination vs. DBP formation U.S. EPA’s solution: control health risks from microbials, disinfectants, and DBPs Result: M-DBP suite of rules A Delicate Balance Microbials Byproducts

8. Outline Overview Monitoring – TTHM, HAA5, Chlorine, Chloramines Compliance & Reporting – TTHM, HAA5, Chlorine, Chloramines DBP Precursors (DBPP) Q & A Question and answer sections through out the presentation Case Studies

9. Maria Lopez, U.S. EPA Rudd Coffey, The Cadmus Group, Inc. Ed Moriarty, U.S. EPA Tom Grubbs, U.S. EPA Katie Porter, U.S. EPA Presenters Panelists Overview

10. Disclaimer • The examples included in this presentation are intended for discussion purposes only.  Throughout this presentation, the terms “state” or “states” are used to refer to all types of primacy agencies including U.S. territories, Indian tribes, and EPA Regions. The statutory provisions and EPA regulations described in this document contain legally binding requirements. This presentation is not a regulation itself, nor does it change or substitute for those provisions and regulations. Thus, it does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, or public water systems. This guidance does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations upon any member of the public. While EPA has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this presentation, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this presentation and any statute or regulation, this presentation would not be controlling. Overview

11. Overview Review the Stage 1 DBPR requirements Overview

12. Acronyms and Definitions • A list of acronyms and definitions for the terms used in this presentation can be found in the handouts Overview

13. Disinfectants: Kill disease-causing microorganisms React with substances naturally found in water to form harmful DBPs Produce negative health effects when present in excessive levels Public Health & Disinfectants Overview

14. Disinfectants: Kill disease-causing microorganisms React with substances naturally found in water to form harmful DBPs Produce negative health effects when present in excessive levels In excess amounts: Eye and nose irritation Stomach discomfort Anemia Other acute short-term health effects Public Health & Disinfectants Overview

15. How Are DBPs Formed? Precursor in Water + NOM Bromide Overview

16. How Are DBPs Formed? Precursor in Water Added Disinfectant + = NOM Bromide Chlorine Ozone Chloramines Chlorine Dioxide Overview

17. How Are DBPs Formed? Precursor in Water Added Disinfectant DBPs + = NOM Bromide Chlorine Ozone Chloramines Chlorine Dioxide TTHM HAA5 Bromate Chlorite Overview

18. Health Effects: Some DBPs may cause adverse reproductive or development effects: Low birth weight Early term miscarriage Some studies suggest a connection between chlorinated water and: Bladder, rectal, and colon cancer How Are DBPs Formed? Precursor in Water Added Disinfectant DBPs + = NOM Bromide Chlorine Ozone Chloramines Chlorine Dioxide TTHM HAA5 Bromate Chlorite Overview

19. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs) MRDL & MCL Overview • Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) Overview

20. TOC Removal Overview • New treatment technique regulations for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) • Based on source water characteristics, systems must remove specified quantities of TOC. • Systems can comply through TOC removal or through alternative compliance criteria. Overview

21. Monitoring Plans • Each system must develop and implement a monitoring plan • Plan must include: • Sample location and schedules • Representative of entire distribution system • Compliance calculation methodology • Plans must have been available for state inspection by January 2004. • Subpart H systems serving > 3,300 must have submitted monitoring plans to the state by April 2004 Overview

22. Analytical Methods • Stage 1 DBPR specifies analytical methods for each standard • Only certified labs can analyze MCL samples • Exception: daily chlorite samples • For daily chlorite, disinfectants, and all other non-MCL parameters (e.g., alkalinity, TOC, bromide), analysis may be conducted by a party approved by U.S. EPA or the state Overview

23. The requirements that apply to each system depend on the system’s treatment process and type of water source. Applicability to Systems • This presentation covers: • TTHM, HAA5, chlorine, and chloramines • Some compliance options for TOC Removal • This training does not focus on: • Requirements for systems disinfecting with ozone or chlorine dioxide Overview

24. Poll: How long have you worked with the Stage 1 DBPR? • [PlaceWare Multiple Choice Poll. Use PlaceWare > Edit Slide Properties... to edit.] • 0-6 Months • 7-12 Months • 1-2 Years • 2-4 Years • 4+ Years

25. Q & A Questions Please send your questions & comments via the web console located on your bottom right.

26. Monitoring Overview Chlorine & Chloramines TTHM & HAA5

27. General Sampling • When sampling remember to: • Only take samples under normal operating conditions • Sample according to the monitoring plan • Only sample when serving the public Monitoring

28. Chlorine & Chloramines Monitoring • Chlorine and chloramines monitoring based on TCR monitoring. • Systems must monitor for chlorine and chloramines every time they sample for total coliform • Includes repeat total coliform-positive monitoring & reduced TCR monitoring • Must be taken at same location as TCR samples  • No reduced monitoring            1 TCR sample = 1 chlorine or chloramines sample Monitoring

29. TTHM & HAA5 Monitoring MRT = Maximum Residence Time ART = Average Residence Time Monitoring

30. TTHM & HAA5 Monitoring Monitoring

31. TTHM & HAA5 Monitoring Monitoring

32. TTHM & HAA5 Reduced Monitoring Monitoring

33. TTHM & HAA5 Reduced Monitoring Monitoring

34. TTHM & HAA5 Reduced Monitoring Monitoring

35. TTHM & HAA5 Increased Monitoring Monitoring

36. TTHM & HAA5 Increased Monitoring Monitoring

37. One routine TCR sample Adds chlorine for disinfection Ground water system What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR chlorine monitoring requirements? Quiz #1:PWS Takes 1 Routine TCR Sample/Month Monitoring

38. One routine TCR sample Adds chlorine for disinfection Ground water system What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR chlorine monitoring requirements? Quiz #1:PWS Takes 1 Routine TCR Sample/Month System needs to take 1 chlorine sample at the same time and place as the TCR sample Monitoring

39. Three routine TC samples One TC+ sample Adds chloramines for disinfection Ground water system What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR chloramines monitoring requirements? Quiz #2:PWS Takes 3 Routine TCR Samples/Month Monitoring

40. Three routine TC samples One TC+ sample Adds chloramines for disinfection Ground water system What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR chloramines monitoring requirements? Quiz #2:PWS Takes 3 Routine TCR Samples/Month • System needs to take 3 chloramines samples at the same time and place as the initial TCR samples. • System needs to take 3 chloramines sample at the same time and place as 3 TCR repeat samples. • System needs to take 5 repeat TCR and chloramines samples the following month. Monitoring

41. RAAs TTHM = 0.035 mg/L HAA5 = 0.020 mg/L GWUDI system serving 9,000 persons What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR TTHM and HAA5 monitoring requirement? Quiz #3:PWS on Routine TTHM & HAA5 Sampling Monitoring

42. RAAs TTHM = 0.035 mg/L HAA5 = 0.020 mg/L GWUDI system serving 9,000 persons What does this system need to do to comply with the Stage 1 DBPR TTHM and HAA5 monitoring requirement? Quiz #3:PWS on Routine TTHM & HAA5 Sampling If the system stays on routine monitoring it must take 1 sample per plant per quarter. Because the system’s RAA are < 0.040 mg/L for TTHMs and < 0.030 mg/L for HAA5, the system may qualify for reduced monitoring of one sample a year during the month of warmest water temperature. They would need to consult with their state. Monitoring

43. Q & A Questions Please send your questions & comments via the web console located on your bottom right.

44. Compliance and Reporting Chlorine & Chloramines TTHM & HAA5

45. General Compliance Calculation • When calculating compliance remember to: • Compare the running annual average (RAA) of the results from last 12 months to standard • Include all sampling results (unless designated as operational samples in monitoring plans) • Calculate compliance at the end of every quarter in which system monitors • State can calculate compliance Compliance and Reporting

46. Chlorine & Chloramines: Compliance Calculation • Based on RAA of monthly results or averages • Calculated each quarter the system serves water to the public • Any RAA that exceeds the MRDL is a violation Compliance and Reporting

47. TTHM & HAA5:Quarterly Compliance Calculation • Based on RAA of quarterly results or averages • Calculated each quarter the system serves water to the public • Any RAA that exceeds the MCL is a violation Compliance and Reporting

48. TTHM & HAA5:Annual/Triennial Compliance Calculation • If sample result > MCL: • Not yet in violation of MCL unless sample result is > 4 times MCL • Must move to increased monitoring schedule • If on reduced monitoring and sample > 75% of MCL: • Must return to routine monitoring schedule Compliance and Reporting

49. Quiz#4: Calculating Compliance for TTHM & HAA5 Subpart H system serving 500-9,999 on routine monitoring 1: Determine number of samples required Compliance and Reporting

50. Quiz#4: Calculating Compliance for TTHM & HAA5 Subpart H system serving 500-9,999 on routine monitoring 1: Determine number of samples required 2. Calculate RAA to determine compliance TTHM sample 3rd quarter of 2005 3Q 2005: 0.070 mg/L 2Q 2005: 0.080 mg/L 1Q 2005: 0.080 mg/L 4Q 2004: 0.090 mg/L The system is required to take 1 sample per treatment plant per quarter Compliance and Reporting