Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery

1. Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery National Human Trafficking Resource Center

2. Named after the North Star that guided slaves towards freedom along the Underground Railroad, Polaris Project’s vision is for a world without slavery. Polaris Project has been providing a comprehensive and community-based approach to combating human trafficking since 2002. Creative Commons: Dace Schmidt

3. Polaris Project Programs • National Human Trafficking Resource Center • U.S. Policy • Direct Client Services (DC and NJ) • Public Outreach and Communications • Fellowship • International Programs Polaris Project

4. Agenda/Goals • What is human trafficking? • Is this really a problem in the modern day? • What is the legal definition? • Who is involved in human trafficking? • How can I identify and understand victims? • What can I do to take action?

5. What is Human Trafficking?

6. Human Trafficking “It ought to concern every person, because it is a debasement of our common humanity. It ought to concern every community, because it tears at our social fabric…I’m talking about the injustice, the outrage of human trafficking, which must be called by its true name- modern slavery.” -President Obama United States Department of State

7. International, National, Local

8. Trafficking Victims Protection Act 22 USC § 7102

9. The A-M-P Model

10. Sex Trafficking of Minors Force, Fraud, and Coercion are not required for minors induced into commercial sex acts.

11. Action Microsoft Free Images

12. Means

13. Means - Force • Kidnapping • Confinement • Physical Assault • Sexual Assault, Rape • Violence Polaris Project

14. Means - Fraud • Fraudulent employment offers or contracts • False promises about work and living conditions • False promises of education • Withholding wages Microsoft Free Images

15. Means - Coercion • Threats of deportation or arrest • Blackmail • Threats to life, person safety, family members or other victims • Debt bondage • Withholding legal documents • Psychological manipulation Microsoft Free Images

16. Purpose Top: PolarisProject Department of Health and Human Services

17. True or False Trafficking victims must be foreign nationals. Trafficking requires state or international border crossing. Trafficking victims must be kidnapped and/or restrained physically. If a victim consented prior to abuse or was paid, it can still be trafficking.

18. True or False Myths & Misconceptions Trafficking victims must be foreign nationals. False: Trafficking victims in a country can be either citizens of that country or foreign nationals.

19. True or False Myths & Misconceptions Trafficking requires a state or international border-crossing. False: Although transportation may be involved and although the word connotes movement, the legal definition of trafficking does not require transportation.

20. Scope of Human Trafficking

21. Scope of Human Trafficking Worldwide, nearly 21 million people are victims of forced labor [human trafficking] (ILO, 2012)

22. Child Sex Trafficking • U.S. and Global Estimates • 100,000 children in the sex trade in the U.S. • Up to 2 million children experiencing commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) globally

23. What are Safe Harbor Laws? • Prevent Prosecution of victims • Ensure that “coercion” is not required to prosecute sex trafficking of children • Protect child victims byproviding specialized services

24. Human Trafficking Cases on National Hotline Cases Reported to the NHTRC, 2007-2012

25. International Cases on the NHTRC Hotline Cases Reported to the NHTRC, 2007-2013

26. Human Trafficking – Types, Victims, Traffickers

27. 3 Categories of Human Trafficking

28. Who Is Vulnerable? Victims of Past Violence/Abuse Financially Vulnerable Runaway and Homeless Youth Temporary Visa Holders/ Undocumented Foreign Nationals

29. Selected Examples from Recent Cases • Foreign National men with legal status and work visas • Homeless men, U.S. citizen and foreign nationals • Citizens and Foreign Nationals with disabilities • Runaway: 12-year old US citizen girl • Young women and girls from impoverished areas of Mexico United States Department of State

30. Recruitment “Girls who ran away from home or were put out by their parents. Ladies who were pretty but were on welfare, drop outs, you know you can smell desperation. If she is hungry, she will go.” -Former Pimp United States Department of State

31. Who are the Traffickers? • Any demographic • Individuals and groups • Street gangs and organized crime • Businesses or contractors • Different levels of organization and centralization Traffickers are people who exploit others for profit Microsoft Free Images

32. Economics 101: Demand Where there is a demand, there will be a supply… • Multiple types of “demand” • Sex – Pimps, brothel owners, strip club owners, escort services “demand” • Sex – Customers demand commercial sex • Labor – Businesses “demand” workers • Labor – Consumers “demand” cheap products

33. “Johns” - Who buys Sex? 1 out of every 5 to 6 adult men in the U.S. admit to having purchased commercial sex. What rates are present in other countries? United States Department of State

34. Who Demands?

35. Sex Trafficking

36. Where Does Sex Trafficking Occur? • Street Prostitution • Commercial Front &Residential Brothels • Pornography & Stripping • Escort Services • Internet “Web-cam” • Online • Where Else??

37. Labor Trafficking

38. Where does Labor Trafficking Occur? • Agriculture • Construction • Domestic Work • Peddling/Begging • Traveling Sales Crews • Drug Trafficking • Bonded Labor • Where Else? United States Department of State

39. Labor Trafficking vs. Exploitation Unfair Wages & Poor living and working conditions

40. Vulnerability “I had one small child and a wife, and we wanted a better life for our family. I knew that if I worked in America, I could make more money than if I stayed in Thailand.” -SathapornPornsrisirisak Creative Commons: Wakx

41. Recruitment: Sathaporn’s Story “When we arrived in America, we were not offered the welding job as stated on the contract We were forced to work in a restaurant in (L.A.) instead.” -SathapornPornsrisirisak Microsoft Free Images

42. Sathaporn’s StoryLiving and Working Conditions “There was no electricity or gas. We were not able to go anywhere because our passports were taken away.” -SathapornPornsrisirisak Microsoft Free Images

43. Sathaporn’s StoryEscape “Because of these terrible conditions, fifteen of us decided to escape... others were too scared to leave.” -SathapornPornsrisirisak Microsoft Free Images

44. Identifying and Understanding Victims

45. Victim Identification Isolation Debt Fear Guarded/ Monitored Language Barriers Confinement Threats to Loved Ones Shame, Self Blame No ID/ Documents Debt Bondage Hopelessness Misinformation Resignation

46. Indicators: Trafficking

47. Indicators: Labor Trafficking

48. Indicators: Child Sex Trafficking

49. Red Flags: Sex Trafficking (Adults)

50. National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) 24/7 Toll-Free National Hotline 1-888-373-7888