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情态动词学习六要素

情态动词学习六要素. 一、注意情态动词的推测用法 推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表. 例 1 ： --Are you coming to Jeff’s party? --I’m not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might. 析：选 D 。 I ’ m not sure. 的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用 must 应用 might.

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情态动词学习六要素

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  1. 情态动词学习六要素 一、注意情态动词的推测用法 推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表

  2. 例1：--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?--I’m not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might 析：选D。I’m not sure.的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用might

  3. 例 2：--_____the news be true?—No, it_____be true.A. Can, can’t B. May, can’t C. May, may not D. Must, mustn’t • 析： 选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might 和must，应而用can和can’t。

  4. 二、了解情态动词的完成式用法 （一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩 • 例1：I told Sally how to get there, • but perhaps I ____for her.(NMET94) • had to write it out • must have written it out • C. should have written it out • D. ought to write it out

  5. 析： 选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。

  6. 例2： I was really anxious about you, you_____home without a word.(NMET2001) A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

  7. 析: 选B。 由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldn’t/ought to have left，表示责备。

  8. （二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做can’t have done不可能做 例1：--Where is my pen? -- I _____it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldn’t have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost

  9. 例2：The light in his room is still on, so he _____ to bed.A. mustn’t have gone B. must have gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. can’t have gone 析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填can’t have gone 。

  10. （三）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5张明信片的。

  11. 四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法： could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.

  12. 例1：--Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you____. A. might B. will C. can D. should 析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.

  13. 例2：____you mind my smoking here? A. Should B Could C. Might D. Would 析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式would you mind…来征求对方意见。

  14. 五、弄清情态动词的异化现象 有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某 个角度不能继续使用该情态动词， 而改用别的动词。

  15. 例1：--Must I start at once? —No, you____. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. won’t 析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustn’t表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用needn’t表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。

  16. 例2：--Need I hand in my exercise book at once? —Yes, you_____.A. must B. need C. can D. will 析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式needn’t。

  17. 六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答 不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：

  18. 例1：--_____I tell John about it? --No, you needn’t. I have told him already.(NMET94) A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. May 析：选A。从回答句“No, you needn’t”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。

  19. 例2：_____you please help me with my English? A. Would B. Do C. Shall D. Can 析：A。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意 ”之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用would。

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