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Dr. SUPRIYADi, MS Departement of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Sebelas Maret

PLANTS PROTECTION (PESTS OF PLANTS ). Dr. SUPRIYADi, MS Departement of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Sebelas Maret. II. INSECT MORPHOLOGY. ARTHROPODS = Insects and their relatives. Insect -characters Do not have a backbone (invertebrates)

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Dr. SUPRIYADi, MS Departement of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Sebelas Maret

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  1. PLANTS PROTECTION(PESTS OF PLANTS ) Dr. SUPRIYADi, MS Departement of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Sebelas Maret

  2. II. INSECT MORPHOLOGY

  3. ARTHROPODS= Insects and their relatives • Insect -characters • Do not have a backbone (invertebrates) • Body divided into three regions (Head/Caput, thorax, abdomen) • Three sets of legs: Easiest character to see • One pair of antennae: May be small • Wings : Only found in adult insects, Not all insects have wings (fleas,springtails) • The Body is covered with hard outer shell, (exoskeleton)

  4. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY

  5. MORFOLOGI SERANGGA EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY

  6. Insect mouthparts: two main types damage • Chewing/biting mouthparts • Sucking mouthparts damage

  7. Chewing mouthparts <chewing mouthparts

  8. Insect mouthparts: in evolotion, maybe, develop in to types of: • Chewing/biting types :grasshopper, Lucusta spp • Cutting-sponging type : Horsefly • Sponging type: Housfly, • Siphoning type: Butterfly • Pierching-sucking type:Hopper/plant-leaf hopper • Chewing-tapping type: bee, Apis spp • Rasping or sucking type: thrips

  9. Order Orthoptera • Simple development • Chewing mouthparts • Two pairs of wings/ first set are thickened and leather-like • e.g. Grasshoppers, Mantids,Roaches; Crickets, Walking sticks,

  10. Orthoptera

  11. Orthoptera wings 1st pair leather like, thickened > 2nd pair thin flying wing

  12. Orthoptera wings

  13. Earwigs- Dermaptera • Short wing covers-second pair not always developed • Simple development • Chewing mouthparts • Have terminal forceps • 20 species in North America

  14. Order Hemiptera (True bugs) • Simple development • Sucking mouthparts • Two pairs of wings/ • 1st pair a half wing in Heterocera

  15. True Bugs- Hemiptera wings Two sets of wings 1st pair thick for 1st half , thin for other < Half wing < half wing

  16. Hama Wereng Order Homoptera(Aphids, scales, ciada) • Simple development • Sucking mouthparts • Two pairs of membrane • type wings

  17. Ash leaf-curl aphids

  18. Order Lepidoptera(Butterflies and moths) • Complete development-larvae are caterpillars • Larvae have chewing mouth parts • Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales

  19. Butterflies and moths -Order Lepidoptera Scaled wings

  20. Order Coleoptera (Beetles) • Complete development- larvae are grubs • Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults • Two pairs of wings-first hardened into • wing covers

  21. Order Coleoptera (Beetles) Adult beetle wing cover Larvae beetle

  22. Order Coleoptera (Beetles)

  23. Order Diptera (True Flies) • Complete development-larvae are maggots • Chewing mouthparts in larvae/ • variable in adults • Adults only have 1 pair of wings

  24. Order Hymenoptera (Ants,bees,sawflies) • Complete development-larvae are maggot like • Chewing mouthparts in larvae • Two pairs of wings- both membrane like hooked together to work as one

  25. Elm sawfly adult

  26. Hymenoptera wings

  27. Amazing insect facts • Larvae eat 3-4 times their weight / day in food • Aphids can process 100 times weight in plant sap • Some insects can survive being frozen solid

  28. Sawfly larvae

  29. III. INSECT METAMORPHOSE

  30. Insect Development • Cold blooded- development influenced by temperature • Most insects inactive below 50 0 F; • Breed, eat, develop faster the warmer it is up to 95 0 F.

  31. Insect Developmentor Metamorphosis • Two forms of development (change • Simple/ Partial/ Primitive • Complete/ Advanced

  32. Simple/ Partial/ Primitive

  33. Simple/ Partial/ Primitive

  34. Simple metamorphosis • Simple(gradual) Metamorphosis: • Egg- nymph- adult • All life stages look similar, behave similar • Whole family can live and feed together

  35. Molting

  36. Simple metamorphosis Simple Metamorphosis Orders

  37. Complete Metamorphosis Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult • Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike • Can live in different environment • Eat different food • Larvae usually the main pest (Southwood, 1978)

  38. Complete Metamorphosis Pest • Phyillum da • Clas llusca • Phyillum s : (Southwood, 1978)

  39. Complete Metamorphosis (Southwood, 1978)

  40. Sekian Wass. alaikum Wr .Wb.

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