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Lecturer: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao

Lecturer: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao. Contemporary World: International Relations and Organisations 第 7 單元 : 西藏人權議題研究 Unit 7: Human Rights in Tibet. Tibet Potala Palace Source: http://www.danmex.org/Upload/Tibet.gif , “consulted in March 2008”. Tenzin Gyatso, 14 th Dalai Lama of Tibet

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Lecturer: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao

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  1. Lecturer: Dr. Andrea, Pei-Shan Kao Contemporary World: International Relations and Organisations 第7單元:西藏人權議題研究 Unit 7: Human Rights in Tibet

  2. Tibet Potala Palace Source: http://www.danmex.org/Upload/Tibet.gif, “consulted in March 2008”.

  3. Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet (Leader of exiled Tibetan government in India) Source: http://media.ft.com/cms/d371cdb4-f406-11dc-aaad-0000779fd2ac.jpg, “consulted in March 2008”.

  4. Tibet vs. China Source: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0140775a-f41a-11dc-aaad-0000779fd2ac.html, “consulted in March 2008”.

  5. Crisis in Tibet *Who: Tibet- Chinaadministers it as an “autonomous region”. *Where: Central Asia, the west part of China, next to Qinghai *What: Tibetan Buddhist monks staged protests against Chinese rule.(西藏人民抗議中國的統治) *When: March 10, 2008 *How: The Chinese authorities have sealed Lhasa with a large military (i.e. the PLA-People’s Liberation Army) and armed police.(中國政府以人民解放軍和武警進駐並封鎖拉薩)

  6. Snow Mountains in Tibet Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet, “consulted in March 2008”. HIMALAYAS, near Lhasa Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet, “consulted in March 2008”.

  7. China-Tibet Relations *1911: Tibet is declared “an independent republic(獨立共和國)” after decades of rebuffing attempts by Britain and China to establish control. *1935: The man who will later become the 14th Dalai Lama is born to a peasant family in a small village in north-eastern Tibet. Two years later, Buddhist officials declare him to be the reincarnation of the 13 previous Dalai Lamas. *1949: Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the PRC (People’s Republic of China 中華人民共和國) and threaten Tibet with “liberation”. *1950: Chinese People’s Liberation Army (中國人民解放軍)troops march into Tibet.

  8. *1951: Tibetan leaders sign a treaty, known as the “Seventeen Point Agreement(十七點協議)”, with China. The treaty professes to guarantee Tibetan autonomy(保證西藏自治)and to respect the Buddhist religion(尊重佛教信仰), but also allows the establishment of Chinese civil and military headquarters at Lhasa. *1954: Chairman Mao meets Dalai Lama in Beijing. *1959: Tibetan stage abortive uprising after reforms are introduced to end centuriesof feudalism. The Dalai Lama flees to India with an estimated 80,000 followers. He establishes a “government-in-exile” in Dharamsala but no country recognises it. *1965: Chinese government establishes Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治區).

  9. *1966: After China’s Cultural Revolution (文化大革命)begins, Tibetan Red Guards (紅衛兵)close monasteries in Tibet, smash Buddhist statues and force monks and nuns to return to secular life. *1972: US President Richard Nixon’s China visit ends programme in which Central Intelligence Agency (CIA中情局) trained Tibetans who fought guerrilla war against People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Tibet. *1980s: China introduce market reforms (Open Door Policy 門戶開放政策) and boosts investment while resisting any move towards greater autonomy for Tibet. → Market Reforms≠ Political Reforms

  10. *March 1989: Martial law(戒嚴) is imposed in Lhasa after days of rioting sparked by January death of the 10th Panchen Lama(班傑喇嘛), most senior figure in Tibetan Buddhism after Dalai Lama. *October 1989: Dalai Lama is awarded Nobel Peace Prize (達賴喇嘛獲得諾貝爾和平獎). *August 1993: Dalai Lama says at a rare news conference he is fighting for Tibet’s political autonomy, not independence. (達賴喇嘛聲稱他是為西藏政治自治而戰 ，不是為獨立而戰) *1994: Dalai Lama suspends dialogue with China due to lack of progress. *May 1995: Dalai Lama declares 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as reincarnation of late 10th Panchen Lama.

  11. *December 1995: India-based Tibetans protest Beijing’s choice of a 6-year-old boy, Gyaincain Norbu, as the 11th Panchen Lama, considering him a “fake”. *December 1999: Dalai Lama says Tibetans would be satisfied with self-rule but accuses the Chinese of cultural genocide (文化種族滅絕). *July 2006: China opens Qinghai-Tibet Railway(青藏鐵路), the world’s highest railroad, saying it will help modernise and develop Tibet. Tibet advocacy groups say it is accelerating an influx of Han Chinese and threatens its fragile high-altitude environment. *March 2008: Protests against Chinese rule escalate into the worst violence Tibet has seen in 20 years, five months before Beijing hosts the Olympic Games. Source: Reuters, BBC. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2b8fd84a-f422-11dc-aaad-0000779fd2ac,dwp_uuid=9c33700, “consulted in March 2008”.

  12. ►This flag used intermittently between 1912 and 1950. This version was introduced by the 13th Dalai Lama in 1912. However, this flag is outlawed in the PRC (People’s Republic of China). Flag of Tibet Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet, “consulted in March 2008”.

  13. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet, “consulted in March 2008”.

  14. Recent Development of Tibet Issue *March 2007- Beijing declared martial law in Lhasa because of continuing violence. Hu Jintao, Chinese president claimed that Dalai Lama is a separatist and refuses even to engage in direct dialogue. *March 2008- Rioting erupted in Lhasa and other parts of Tibet. Tibetan Government in Exile parliament in Dharamshala, India. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetanparliament_asaf.jpg, “consulted in March 2009.”

  15. Beside, prior to the 2008 Beijing Olympics, violence erupted along the Olympic torch relay route because of Beijing's Tibet policy. *March 10, 2009 – It is the 50th anniversary of the 1959 "Tibetan uprising" that caused the 14th Dalai Lama to flee to India. Source: http://www.vdfus.org/i/Slideshow-Tibet-5.jpg, “consulted in March 2009”. Source: http://www.mahawa.jw-music.net/images/tibet.jpg, “consulted in March 2009”.

  16. Barack Obama Meets Dalai Lama (Feb 18, 2010)

  17. Obama meets Dalai Lama despite Chinese warning * Dalai Lama meeting sure to draw more Chinese complaints * "Mature" ties can withstand discord, White House says * Obama administration mindful of Chinese sensitivities (Adds quotes and details)

  18. Class Discussion 1: Topics: (1) Do you support Tibet’s Human Rights Issues? (2) Some people like to use Tibet to Compare with the case of Taiwan; how do you look at it? Please express your views and opinions with your partners?

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