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The Height of Imperialism

The Height of Imperialism. Ch. 14. Imperialism. Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country Stronger country controls political, economic and social life of weaker country. Reasons for Imperialism. Raw materials New markets National pride Empire = national greatness Religion

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The Height of Imperialism

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  1. The Height of Imperialism Ch. 14

  2. Imperialism Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country Stronger country controls political, economic and social life of weaker country

  3. Reasons for Imperialism • Raw materials • New markets • National pride • Empire = national greatness • Religion • End evil practices • Slave trade

  4. Racism • White is right • Social Darwinism • Superior people should rule • Non-Europeans seen as inferior • Duty of Europeans to “civilize,” “Westernize” • White Man’s Burden

  5. Divided Africa • Mid-1800s • Hundreds of ethnic groups • 1,000s of languages • Europe controls 10% • Could not travel in-land • Disease • Africans control own trade networks

  6. The Congo Sparks interest • King Leopold II of Belgium • Claimed wanted end to slave trade • Increase Christianity • Real goal was rubber • 10 million die because of abuse • Other nations alarmed by Belgian control

  7. Factors Promoting Imperialism • Technological superiority • Steam engine and ships • Railroads • Telegraph cables • Machine guns • Quanine • Protected Europeans from malaria

  8. The Division of Africa • Scramble for territory begins in 1880 • Discovery of diamonds in 1867 • Gold - 1886

  9. Berlin Conference • 14 European countries • 1884-1885 • Rules for division of Africa • Notify others of claim • Show they could control it • No African rulers invited • 1914 – only Ethiopia and Liberia independent

  10. Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies • Countries think Africans will buy goods • Wrong

  11. Main source of wealth is rich mineral resources • Belgian Congo contains copper and tin • Small compared to diamonds and gold in South Africa

  12. Businesses develop cash-crop plantations • Peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber • Displaces food grown by natives • Leads to starvation

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