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HAITI

HAITI. Aijah Urssery and Rukayah Bent- Mikial. Map. THE BOOK.

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HAITI

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  1. HAITI Aijah Urssery and Rukayah Bent-Mikial

  2. Map

  3. THE BOOK • The main goal of colonization was to enrich the European powers. Wherever they established colonies, the European nations set up systems designed to extract the human and natural resources of the land for themselves while undermining local economies and peoples.

  4. Historical Background The Spaniards used the island of Hispaniola (of which Haiti is the western part and the Dominican Republic the eastern) as a launching point from which to explore the rest of the Western Hemisphere. In 1697, Spain ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France. As piracy was gradually suppressed, some French adventurers became planters, making Saint Domingue, as the French portion of the island was known, the "pearl of the Antilles"--one of the richest colonies in the 18th century French empire. During this period, African slaves were brought to work on sugarcane and coffee plantations. In 1791, the slave population and gained control of the northern part of the French colony, waging a war of attrition against the French.

  5. Continued. . . January 1804, local forces defeated an army sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, established independence from France, and renamed the area Haiti. The impending defeat of the French in Haiti is widely credited with contributing to Napoleon's decision to sell the Louisiana territory to the United States in 1803. Haiti is the world's oldest black republic and the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States.

  6. Political situation Supreme Court Chief Justice Boniface Alexandre assumed the presidency and Gerard Latortue was appointed prime minister of the Interim Government of Haiti with the mandate of organizing elections to choose a new government. Theinterim government managed to organize three rounds of elections. The first round of elections for President and Parliament took place peacefully on February 7, 2006, with a turnout estimated at over 60% of registered voters. Rene Preval, former President (1996-2001) and former ally to Aristide, won the presidential election with 51.15%. Municipal elections were held December 3, 2006 and April 29, 2007. Some of these local government positions had not been filled in over a decade.

  7. Economic situation GDP (2008 est.): 11.59 billion.Real GDP growth rate (2008 est.): 2.3%.Per capita GDP (2008 est.): $1,300.GDP by sector (2006): Agriculture--27%; industry--8%; services--40%; other--25%.Inflation (2007 est.): 8.1%.Natural resources: Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble. Agriculture (27% of GDP): Products--coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, cacao, sorghum, pulses, other fruits and vegetables.Industry (8% of GDP): Types--apparel, handicrafts, electronics assembly, food processing, beverages, tobacco products, furniture, printing, chemicals, steel.Services (40% of GDP): Commerce, hotels and restaurants, government, tourism.Trade (2006 est.): Total exports f.o.b.--$494.4 million: apparel, mangoes, leather and raw hides, seafood, electrical. Major market--U.S. Total imports f.o.b.--$1.54 billion: grains, soybean oil, motor vehicles, machinery, meat, vegetables, plastics, petroleum.

  8. Economic • Haiti remains the least-developed country in the Western Hemisphere and one of the poorest in the world. Comparative social and economic indicators show Haiti falling behind other low-income developing countries (particularly in the hemisphere) since the 1980s. Haiti now ranks 146th of 177 countries in the UN's Human Development Index. Haiti's economic stagnation is the result of earlier inappropriate economic policies, political instability, a shortage of good arable land, environmental deterioration, continued reliance on traditional technologies, under-capitalization and lack of public investment in human resources, migration of large portions of the skilled population, a weak national savings rate, and the lack of a functioning judicial system.

  9. RESOURCE EXTRACTION International sanctions culminated in the May 1994 UN embargo of all goods entering Haiti except humanitarian supplies, such as food and medicine. The assembly sector, heavily dependent on U.S. markets, employed over 100,000 workers in the mid-1980s. During the embargo, employment fell below 17,000. Private domestic and foreign investment has returned to Haiti slowly. Since the embargo's end, assembly sector employment has gradually recovered to about 18,500. The Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act provides new trade preferences for textile/apparel products that could boost production in the sector. However, growth has been stalled by investor concerns over security, lack of access to credit, and legal and physical infrastructure constraints.

  10. GOVERNMENT BY THE ELITE/ FOREIGN AID PROBLEMS • U.S. policy toward Haiti is designed to foster and strengthen democracy; help alleviate poverty, illiteracy, and malnutrition; promote respect for human rights; and counter illegal migration and drug trafficking. The U.S. also supports and facilitates bilateral trade and investment along with legal migration and travel. U.S. policy goals are met through direct bilateral action and by working with the international community. The United States has taken a leading role in organizing international involvement with Haiti. The United States works closely with the Organization of American States particularly through the Secretary General's "Friends of Haiti" group the Caribbean Community and individual countries to achieve policy goals.

  11. DISCRIMINATION • NON APPLICABLE. . .Recent activities

  12. INTERNATIONAL DEBT Haiti's large international debt should be wipe in order to help the nation recover from the recent earthquake, it has been reported. The $890 million (548 million) debt has made it hard for the country to recover from the disaster and it is now relying on imports for 40 percent of its food.

  13. WORKSHEET • 1. NO (EXPLAIN VERBALLY) • 2. NO. YES. (EXPLAIN VERBALLY) • 3. NO. YES. • 4. NO. THEY ARENT TREATED WITH RESPECT. • 5. NO. NO. NO • 6. NO. SOMETIMES. • 7. NO. SOMETIMES • 8. SOMETIMES. SOMETIMES.

  14. http://www.cafonline.org/default.aspx?page=18698 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1982.htm http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=beautiful+haitiANS&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&start=0) http://www.google.com/search?q=us+state+depart+foreign+commonwealth&rlz=1I7DLUS_en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=ie7 http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=beautiful+haitiANS&aq=f&aqi http://www.haitiantreasures.com/haitian.money.jpg &aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&start=0 http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=beautiful+haitiANS&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&start=0

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